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21.
紫色土坡耕地土壤团聚体分形维数与有机碳关系   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
赵鹏  史东梅  赵培  朱波 《农业工程学报》2013,29(22):137-144
为深入理解有机碳对土壤团聚体的影响,采用干筛法和重铬酸钾外加热法并基于相关分析研究了不同施肥处理紫色土耕地土壤团聚体分形维数(D)与有机碳(SOC)的关系。结果表明:不同施肥处理和土层间 D 与SOC均存在差异,变化范围分别为2.376~2.603、3.54~12.07 g/kg,均值都随土层变深呈递减趋势。全样本(n=36,不区分处理和土层)中D与SOC显著相关,但并非简单相关。进一步对D与各粒级有机碳含量(fSOC)的相关分析表明,在全样本中二者相关性显著,且随粒级的减小相关程度变大。不同施肥处理和土层间的相关分析中二者相关性又表现不同:除对照CK,其他处理的呈现多组显著相关,耕作层(0~20 cm)多组的相关性都很微弱,而犁底层(>20~30 cm)的多个组却显著相关。分析认为,这与不同施肥处理所提供的碳源在团聚体形成过程中所起作用的差异有关,该差异将使团聚体形成各自的特点从而表现出各自的分形特征;并且D与fSOC相关性的差异是团聚体中大小颗粒间结构相似程度的反映,体现出各级团聚体在形成过程中的主导因素是否具有一致性,表明该相关关系对形成土壤结构的主导影响因素具有表征作用。该研究结果有助于深入认识和理解土壤团聚体分形维数的影响因素、物理意义以及对土壤结构的表征性。  相似文献   
22.
Although the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and the revised Morgan–Morgan–Finney (MMF) are well‐known models, not much information is available as regards their suitability in predicting post‐fire soil erosion in forest soils. The lack of information is even more pronounced as regards post‐fire rehabilitation treatments. This study compared the soil erosion predicted by the RUSLE and the revised MMF model with the observed values of soil losses, for the first year following fire, in two burned areas in NW of Spain with different levels of fire severity. The applicability of both models to estimate soil losses after three rehabilitation treatments applied in a severely burned area was also tested. The MMF model presented reasonable accuracy in the predictions while the RUSLE clearly overestimated the observed erosion rates. When the R and C factors obtained by the RUSLE formulation were multiplied by 0·7 and 0.865, respectively, the efficiency of the equation improved. Both models showed their capability to be used as operational tools to help managers to determine action priorities in areas of high risk of degradation by erosion after fire. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
23.
引发处理对丹参种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
用H2O、200 g.L-1PEG-6000、2.5 g.L-1KNO3、100 mg.L-1GA3、12.5 mg.L-16-BA引发处理丹参种子,研究不同处理对种子萌发及幼苗抗旱性的影响。结果表明,各处理提高发芽势、发芽率的顺序为12.5 mg.L-16-BA100 mg.L-1GA32.5 mg.L-1KNO3200 g.L-1PEG-6000H2OCK;简化活力指数顺序为2.5 mg.L-1KNO3100 mg.L-1GA3≈200 g.L-1PEG-6000H2O12.5 mg.L-16-BACK。幼苗的抗旱性顺序为H2O200 g.L-1PEG-60002.5 mg.L-1KNO312.5 mg.L-16-BACK100 mg.L-1GA3。最终得出用200 g.L-1PEG-6000或2.5 mg.L-1KNO3作为引发剂处理丹参种子,可有效促进种子萌发和提高幼苗抗旱性。  相似文献   
24.
芦蒿是以嫩茎供食的蔬菜。本试验以青杆型芦蒿为材料,研究带叶、去叶、鲜切三种商品化处理方式及0.02、0.05 mm厚度的PE膜、微孔膜三种保鲜膜包装对其(2±0.5)℃冷藏保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,去叶处理在减少VC等营养物质损耗、延缓采后纤维化及维持感官品质等方面优于带叶和鲜切处理;同时芦蒿具有较好的CO2耐受性,用厚度0.05 mm PE膜包装的保鲜效果优于另外两种保鲜膜包装。  相似文献   
25.
以宁夏金沙麓鼎酒庄2019年份蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒为供试对象,设置不同剂量的蛋清粉进行下胶处理,测定下胶处理后葡萄酒样品的酒泥沉降速度、沉淀紧实度、沉淀高度、常规理化指标、色度、色调和热稳定性,并进行感官评价。结果表明:当蛋清粉下胶剂量≥0.06 g/L时,处理48 h后葡萄酒样品澄清度高、沉淀紧实;不同下胶剂量蛋清粉处理的蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒的干浸出物含量、色度值之间具有显著性差异,总酸含量较对照均有所降低;当下胶剂量为0.08 g/L时,葡萄酒样品浊度差最小,为4.41 NTU,感官品质最佳。综上可以确定,蛋清粉处理蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒以下胶剂量0.08 g/L、处理时间48 h为宜。  相似文献   
26.
本研究以半年生翠云草盆栽为试验材料,研究不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶色变化的影响。试验设置全光照R0(透光率100%NS)、一层遮荫R1(38%NS)、二层遮荫R2(20%NS)、三层遮荫R3(16%NS)和四层遮荫R4(10%NS)共5个处理。处理3个月后,比较叶片中叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a+b、叶绿素a/b、类胡萝卜素、花色素苷、苯丙氨酸解氨酶及可溶性糖含量变化。结果显示,叶绿素含量在3层遮荫处理下最高,叶片表现出特殊的蓝绿色;全光照下,叶绿素含量和花色素苷含量均最低,而类胡萝卜素含量最高,说明叶片受到强光胁迫,是类胡萝卜素而不是花色素苷取代了那部分被破坏的叶绿素,因此叶片表现出红色。方差分析表明,不同遮荫处理对翠云草叶片中叶绿素含量影响极显著,对花色素苷含量影响显著,而对类胡萝卜素含量影响不显著。掌握翠云草叶色在不同遮荫条件下的变化规律,有助于在园林中根据景观需要进行合理配置,创造别具特色的园林植物景观。  相似文献   
27.
The effect of presowing wheat seed treatments was investigated for the salt-sensitive variety Blue Silver and relatively salt-tolerant variety PARI-73 at the germination and early seedling stages. Seeds were treated with distilled water (DW) or 10/50 mm KCl, KNO3 , CaCl2, Ca(NO3)2 and then germinated in DW or 200 mm NaCl. Treatment with calcium (Ca) or potassium (K) did not lead to a significantly higher rate for final germination than the DW treatment. Ca salt treatments significantly improved shoot growth during the early seedling establishment stage in both varieties, especially in the salt-sensitive variety Blue Silver. There were significant differences in the Ca content of seeds after various presowing treatments. There were also significant differences between both varieties in the ion contents after seed treatment. However, these differences appeared to be related to the improvement of shoot growth during the early seedling establishment stage and not to the effectiveness of pres owing seed treatments in increasing germination.  相似文献   
28.
土壤有机碳矿化是土壤向大气释放CO2的最大净输出途径,其与植被的净初级生产力的差值是判断生态系统碳“源”或“汇”的关键。采用室内模拟试验,在10、20、30℃ 3个温度条件下,研究施肥施用对柑橘果园土壤有机碳矿化的影响。结果表明:3种温度处理下,各施氮处理土壤有机碳矿化速率都表现为培养前期快速下降,培养后期保持相对稳定的趋势。在整个培养过程中,3种温度条件下各施氮处理的土壤CO2累积排放量为1328.25~2219.42 mg/kg,100 mg/kg(N4)处理土壤有机碳矿化量最大,CK处理最低,100 mg/kg(N4)和80 mg/kg(N3)2个高氮处理显著高于低氮50 mg/kg(N2)、30 mg/kg(N1)处理。土壤有机碳矿化速率随温度升高而增长,不同的土壤施氮条件下土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性不同,N2处理土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性最低,N4处理最高。柑橘果园土壤有机碳矿化受高施氮量影响较大,低施氮影响不明显。随着施氮量的增加土壤有机碳矿化的温度敏感性增加,氮肥施用和温度的共同作用可能使柑橘林向大气中排放的CO2增加。  相似文献   
29.
This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of diammonium phosphate (DAP), agricultural limestone (lime), and green‐waste compost mixed with 30% treated sewage sludge (GCS) applied alone or in combination as chemical immobilization treatment using tomato as a test crop. Mine waste was collected from an abandoned copper‐mine tailing site at Mynydd Parys, Anglesey (UK). Lime was applied at the rate of CaCO3 equivalent (CCE, pH = 7), DAP at the rate of 23 g P per kg substrate, and 10% by weight, GCS as sole application. Half rate of each amendment was also tested as a combined treatment and an untreated substrate (control). Plant‐available metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn) were measured in substrate with conventional diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and sequential Ca(NO3)2 extraction. Plant–dry biomass yield was significantly (p < 0.001) increased by the combined application of all the three amendments while sole application of DAP reduced yield by 4‐fold compared to unamended soil probably due to P toxicity. Addition of lime reduced the DTPA‐extractable Cu, Fe, and Zn by 75%, 81%, and 85%, respectively, while Pb availability was reduced by 88% in combined DAP + lime + GCS treatment compared to control. The extraction capacity of DTPA was higher than that of Ca(NO3)2 by 3‐fold for Cu and Fe, 8‐fold for Pb, and 2‐fold for Zn. The leaf‐tissue concentrations of Cu and Fe were reduced by 77% and 83% in the lime + GCS amendment, respectively, while both Pb and Zn were reduced by 89% and 33%, respectively, in substrate treated with the combined application of all three amendments. These results suggest that alkaline amendments (both lime and GCS) were effective in reducing the phytoavailability of Cu, Fe, and Zn while DAP mixed with either GCS or lime was effective in reducing Pb availability.  相似文献   
30.
Composting and thermal drying are amongst the most commonly used post-digestion processes for allowing sanitation and biological stabilization of sewage sludge from municipal treatment plants, and making it suitable as soil conditioner for use in agriculture. To assess the impact of sludge-derived materials on soil microbial properties, fresh (LAF), composted (LAC) and thermally dried (LAT) sludge fractions, each resulting from a different post-treatment process of a same aerobically digested sewage sludge, were added at 1% (w/w) application rate on two contrasting (a loam and a loamy sand) soils and incubated under laboratory conditions for 28 days. Soil respiration, microbial ATP content, hydrolytic activities and arginine ammonification rate were monitored throughout the incubation period. Results showed that soil biochemical variables, including the metabolic quotient (qCO2), were markedly stimulated after sludge application, and the magnitude of this stimulatory effect was dependent on sludge type (precisely LAT > LAF > LAC), but not on soil type. This effect was related to the content of stable organic matter, which was lower in LAT. Genetic fingerprinting by PCR–DGGE revealed that compositional shifts of soil bacterial and, at greater extent, actinobacterial communities were responsive to the amendment with a differing sludge fraction. The observed time-dependent changes in the DGGE profiles of amended soils reflected the microbial turnover dependent on the sludge nutrient input, whereas no indications of adverse effects of sludge-borne contaminants were noted. Our findings indicate that composting rather thermal drying can represent a more appropriate post-digestion process to make sewage sludge suitable for use as soil conditioner in agriculture.  相似文献   
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