Evaluation of different protein sources in fingerling grey mullet <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mugil cephalus</Emphasis> practical diets

An eight-week experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different protein sources (fish and haemoglobin meal, soybean meal and torula yeast), in practical diets, on growth, body composition and gut morphology of fingerling grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Weight gain (%), SGR, FCR, N retention, PER, PGR, FDR and carcass composition of fish were not significantly affected by the dietary protein source. Fish fed the torula yeast based diet showed reduction in growth performance. Histological examinations performed on the alimentary tract of the fish showed a normal structural pattern in the experimental groups, as fundamental histological and histochemical aspects were similar if compared to the control group. The lower growth performance observed in fish fed a torula yeast based diet may be tentatively correlated with the presence of some detrimental morpho-functional aspects in the gut of these fish if compared to fish fed the other diets. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.     

惠州市不同来源的蔬果产品质量安全状况分析

分析惠州市不同来源的蔬果产品质量安全状况,结果发现：惠州市不合格蔬果产品的禁用农药残留主要是甲胺磷,限用农药残留主要是氧乐果和甲基异柳磷,非禁限用农药残留主要是毒死蜱;生产基地蔬果产品未出现禁用农药,禁限用农药残留总体合格率最高,其次是批发市场、超市和农贸市场,说明农业部门抓源头管理起到了效果;批发市场蔬果样品农药残留的总体合格率最高,与抽样品种、监管力度有关,而生产基地、超市和农贸市场相近。超市蔬果样品农药残留的总体合格率及禁用农药残留合格率均高于农贸市场,这也与自身强化监管及控制蔬菜进货渠道有关。农贸市场蔬果样品的禁限用农药残留与批发市场高度相关,这与农贸市场的蔬果产品主要来自批发市场的调研结果相符。综上所述,不同来源的蔬果产品农药残留合格率逐年提高。     

东风西沙水源地浮游植物种类组成与数量分布特征

分析了东风西沙水源地浮游植物种类组成、优势种分布、群落结构分布以及多样性等特征.结果表明,东风西沙水源地共监测出藻类6门共64种（属）,分别为蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、隐藻、裸藻、金藻,其中硅藻和绿藻共47种,为水源地的主要浮游植物种类;浮游植物优势种单一,主要为硅藻门的短小舟形、克洛脆杆藻,隐藻门的尖尾蓝隐藻,以及蓝藻门的铜绿微囊藻,且优势度值较小;监测期间浮游植物密度为8.20×10^5 ～8.40×10^6 cells/L,均值为3.71×10^6 cells/L;群落特征指数统计结果表明东风西沙目前水质较好,总体上处于轻或无污染状态.     

多源小班时空数据更新框架

将时空理论与当前森林资源调查和监测工作紧密衔接,提出由时空数据建模、数据采集、时空数据库和数据更新共同构成的框架。不同方式采集的数据,被组织成3个层次的对象,更新到按时空数据模型定义的时空数据库中,并实现正确的对象关联、空间约束和时间约束。通过原型系统验证了框架的可行性。     

Fish meal replacement by plant and animal by-products in diets for the Australian short-finned eel, Anguilla australis australis (Richardson)

In this experiment, 23% of fish meal protein was replaced with protein from Australian soybean meal (SBM), lupin meal (LM), corn gluten meal (CGM) and meat meal (MM) in nutritionally balanced experimental diets. Growth and growth efficiencies of juvenile Australian short‐finned eel Anguilla australis australis (Richardson) elvers (2.23±0.4‐g average wet weight) were compared. Elvers were fed twice a day to a total of 5% body weight per day for 63 days. Total weight gain (g), specific growth rate (% day^?1), protein efficiency ratio (%) and productive protein value (%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) for elvers fed the MM diet than for those fed the LM diet. There were no differences in diurnal ammonia‐nitrogen excretion rates. However, diurnal urea‐nitrogen excretion rates were significantly (P<0.05) affected by diet and rates were two to three times higher for all diets, except CGM, 4 h following the afternoon feed. Diet significantly affected apparent digestibility (AD); ADs of protein for SBM and LM were significantly (P<0.001) higher than for control diet, CGM and MM; AD of energy for LM was significantly (P<0.05) lower than for all the other diets. Fish meal protein was replaced by CGM, SBM and MM without compromising growth rates of the Australian short‐finned eel. However, whole lupin seed meal (LM) depressed growth and growth efficiencies most likely because of the high indigestible carbohydrate content.     

Full-fat soybean meal in diets for Atlantic halibut: growth, metabolism and intestinal histology

Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing 0, 18 or 36% toasted full-fat soybean meal (FFSM) were fed to Atlantic halibut. The diets were fed to five tanks of fish each for 34 days (period 1). Four tanks from each treatment were then retained in the growth experiment for a further 32 days (period 2), while the groups of fish from one tank from each of the 0 and 36% FFSM groups were split and transferred to two metabolism tanks each. The initial weight of the fish in the growth trial was 169 ± 1 g (mean ± SEM, n =12; weight range 89–253 g) and the final weight was 317 ± 5 g. There was no significant effect of dietary treatment on specific growth rate (range, 0.8–1.1% day⁻¹), feed consumption (0.5–0.7% body weight day⁻¹), feed efficiency (1.3–1.6 g wet gain g dry feed⁻¹), protein retention (48–55%) or energy retention (49–57%). The fat, protein and energy concentrations in the fish increased during the trial and were not affected by the diet. The hepatosomatic index in fish fed with 36% FFSM diet was significantly lower (1.7%) than in the other groups (2.2%) ( P  < 0.05). No differences in intestinal morphology were observed between dietary treatments and no pathological reactions were identified in any of the samples. In the metabolism trial, there were no significant differences in oxygen consumption or ammonia excretion between fish fed with 0 and 36% FFSM diets. In conclusion, up to 36% FFSM may be added to diets for Atlantic halibut without negative effects on growth, feed efficiency or intestinal morphology.     

基于傅里叶变换的重金属扩散模型对污染源位置的研究

通过对样本数据的分析,采取三维傅里叶方式变换,并根据实际情况设定扩散过程中主要的变化参数,建立重金属扩散模型,采用计算机连续模拟重金属污染的扩散过程,最终确定重金属污染源的位置。该模型精度高,实用性强。该方法对城市可持续发展有一定指导意义。     

郑州市“九五滩”水源地脆弱性评价

以郑州市“九五滩”水源地为例，在分析水源地供水安全的各种影响因素的基础上，建立了水源地脆弱性评价的数学模型，采用层次分析法对“九五滩”水源地进行脆弱性评价，从水质和水量两个方面进行研究得出各个影响因子的权重，对“九五滩”水源地的脆弱性进行评价。结果表明：脆弱性主要表现在森林覆盖率、污水处理率等方面。进而提出一系列的水源地脆弱性保护措施。     

菊花发酵乳饮料工艺优化

以菊花提取液和鲜牛奶为主要原料，杀菌后接种乳酸菌进行乳酸发酵，通过单因素与正交试验确定原料的配比、发酵条件及产品的配方。结果表明，原料最佳配比为菊花提取汁20％、蔗糖8％、鲜牛奶40％；制备该乳饮料的最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量3％、发酵时间4h、温度42℃。