平和县琯溪蜜柚产业化发展的SWOT分析

应用SWOT分析法,对平和琯溪蜜柚产业化发展的优势、弱点、机遇以及所面临的威胁进行了系统的分析,以整合资源优势,更加有力地推进琯溪蜜柚产业化进程。     

竹荪蜜柚复合酵素的制备工艺研究

以竹荪和蜜柚为主要原料,添加青金桔、糖和盐等辅料通过发酵制成酵素,通过正交试验确定制备竹荪蜜柚复合酵素的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,制备竹荪蜜柚复合酵素最佳发酵条件为:酵母菌接种量0.1%,发酵时间10 d,竹荪酵素初液∶蜜柚酵素初液=1∶2(V/V),白砂糖添加量30%。制得的竹荪蜜柚酵素呈淡黄色,组织均匀一致,口感酸甜适中,有独特的菇香和天然果汁香味,营养丰富。     

Three years of banning neonicotinoid insecticides based on sub‐lethal effects: can we expect to see effects on bees?

The 2013 EU ban of three neonicotinoids used in seed coating of pollinator attractive crops was put in place because of concern about declining wild pollinator populations and numbers of honeybee colonies. It was also concluded that there is an urgent need for good field data to fill knowledge gaps. In the meantime such data have been generated. Based on recent literature we question the existence of recent pollinator declines and their possible link with the use of neonicotinoids. Because of temporal non‐coincidence we conclude that declines of wild pollinators and of honeybees are not likely caused by neonicotinoids. Even if bee decline does occur and if there is a causal relationship with the use of neonicotinoids, we argue that it is not possible on such short term to evaluate the effects of the 2013 ban. In order to supply future debate with realistic (field) data and to discourage extrapolating the effects of studies using overdoses that are not of environmental relevance, we propose – in addition to field studies performed by the chemical industry – to use the ‘semi‐field worst case’ treated artificial diet studies approach to free flying colonies in the field. This kind of study may provide realistic estimates for risk and be useful to study realistic interactions with non‐pesticide stressors. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

Toxicity of diafenthiuron to honey bees in laboratory,semi‐field and field conditions

BACKGROUND: Cardamom, an important spice crop often attacked by many insect pests, is controlled mainly using synthetic insecticides. As honey bees play a vital role in pollination in cardamom, the impact of insecticides on honey bees needs to be explored to assess its safety. RESULTS: Risk assessment based on contact toxicity revealed diafenthiuron to be a non‐selective insecticide to bees with a low selectivity ratio (the ratio between the LD₅₀ for beneficial and pest species). A dose of diafenthiuron that killed 90% of cardamom borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee, was found to kill 100% of Indian bees. Based on the hazard ratio (the ratio between the field‐recommended dose and the LD₅₀ for the beneficial), diafenthiuron was found to be slightly to moderately toxic to bees. Diafenthiuron, even at low concentrations of LC₁ (the concentration that killed 1% of bees), was found to affect the foraging and homing behaviour of Indian bees. Of bees fed with 30 µg mL^?1 of diafenthiuron, 40% were found missing on the third day after exposure. However, diafenthiuron did not affect bee visits to the cardamom fields. CONCLUSION: Diafenthiuron is more highly toxic to Apis cerana indica F. than to C. punctiferalis by contact, using selectivity ratio and probit substitution methods of risk assessment, but the hazard ratio revealed diafenthiuron to be a slightly to moderately toxic chemical. Diafenthiuron was found to affect the foraging and homing behaviour of bees at sublethal concentrations. Thus, sublethal effects are more relevant in risk assessment than lethal and acute effects. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

水蜜桃果汁果冻的加工工艺

以水蜜桃为主要原料,采用果冻加工工艺制备果汁果冻。结果表明,采用50%水蜜桃汁、6%白砂糖、0.1%甜味剂蛋白糖FT-50、0.1%的琼脂与0.2%CMC-Na的工艺参数,可制出色泽均匀、组织状态良好、口感细腻、酸甜适宜的水蜜桃果汁果冻。果汁果冻的杀菌方式采取超高温瞬时灭菌,该方法对于VC的保持率达到了65.10%。     

水蜜桃涂膜保鲜技术开发利用的研究进展

分析了水蜜桃不耐贮藏的影响因素,概述了目前在国内外广泛应用且保鲜效果较好的CTS、PVP、普鲁兰、氯化钙等主要涂膜材料的特点及在水蜜桃保鲜上的应用情况,展望了涂膜保鲜技术的发展方向与前景。     

海藻寡糖对瑭溪蜜柚保鲜品质的影响

以瑁溪蜜柚为材料,用不同质量浓度的海藻寡糖浸泡处理采收后的果实,并在6±1℃冷库贮藏,在不同贮藏时间后,测定瑁溪蜜柚的好果率、总糖、有机酸、木质素、可溶性固形物和维生索C等指标．结果表明,瑁溪蜜柚在6±1℃冷库中贮藏120d,海藻寡糖涂膜处理组的好果率均高于对照组,160和120mg·L^-1海藻寡糖处理组的好果率分别为94％和90％,而对照组的好果率为67％．经海藻寡糖处理后,可减少果实总糖、有机酸、木质索、可溶性固形物和维生素C的损耗,提高果实贮藏后的硬度,延长蜜柚的保鲜期和货架期,具有良好的保鲜效果．     

Improving Pollination of Early Strawberry Crops

ABSTRACT

Our work on strawberry pollination started in 1996 because die top cultivar grown in France is ‘Gariguette’ and growers get good prices widi this cultivar very early in the season (March-April) as the quality of the product is well recognized. Crop management aimed at earliness (early covering, covering with a layer of non-woven fabric or under greenhouse polyethylene film, heating, etc.) induces the plant to flower under conditions unfavorable for pollination such as short days with low irradiation levels and temperatures around 8-10°C which hinder pollen formation. Such conditions often lead later on to problems in strawberry development and shape (large areas with unfertilized ovules, furrows, etc.). This is especially true for primary flowers, which should provide the largest strawberries. A preliminary study was first conducted to assess whether pollination was, indeed, a limiting factor for strawberry production in early crops and whether female reproductive structures also have played a role as well. When this work was completed and pollination was demonstrated as the main limiting factor for strawberry development from the first batch of flowers, the authors studied the different pollen vectors and quantified their action to determine their incidence in terms of production under “limiting” early cropping conditions.     

内层涂保鲜剂纸板包装盒对水蜜桃的保鲜效果

为了研究内涂保鲜剂纸板包装盒的保鲜效果,以宁波奉化水蜜桃为试验对象,开展了4组不同包装和贮藏温度组合的试验:普通纸板盒包装,贮藏于室温下(25℃);普通纸板盒包装,贮藏于4～6℃;保鲜纸板盒包装,贮藏于室温下(25℃);保鲜纸板盒包装,贮藏于4～6℃;未包装,贮藏于4～6℃,作为低温对照;未包装,常温对照;共6组保鲜效果试验。结果表明,纸板内层用乙烯吸收剂(白硅石粉)、0.8%的乳酸链球菌素和0.5%的纳他霉素溶液涂层可有效抑制桃果实的呼吸强度,保持果肉硬度以及桃的风味;低温贮藏可延缓果实衰老,抑制硬度变化的效果。     

利用LC-MS技术解析沙田柚、琯溪蜜柚种子代谢物的差异

利用液相色谱质谱联用技术(LC-MS)分析沙田柚、琯溪蜜柚种子代谢产物,共检测出6498个代谢物,脂类及类脂分子是其主要的物质,共检测出3651种脂类及类脂分子,其中沙田柚特有88种,琯溪蜜柚特有134种;主成分分析(PCA)以及聚类分析发现,沙田柚种子和琯溪蜜柚种子可以被区分开;对差异代谢物的分析发现,二者共有853个差异代谢物,其中表达量前50的差异代谢物主要是脂类及类脂分子;对黄酮类物质进行具体分析发现,检测到的1134个黄酮类化合物中有234个存在差异,对其生物合成途径分析发现,7个代谢物质存在差异。