雄蜂精液采集量与季节环境变化关系的研究

经过对雄蜂精液采集量随季节变化的规律以及与其有关的环境因子方面的研究,结果表明雄蜂精液采集量与季节变化密切相关,意大利雄蜂与卡尼鄂拉雄蜂的采精量也表现出一定的差异;雄蜂精液采集量与外界温度、降水量、蜜粉源以及蜂群群势等生态因子相关。     

蜜蜂人工授精试验初报

<正> 近年来,养蜂事业发展较快,山西先后引入原种意大利蜂、喀尼阿兰蜂、高加索蜂和东北黑蜂等优良蜂种,同时外地入晋转地放蜂群数不断增加。由于蜂王自然交尾是在空中飞行中进行,人工控制比较困难,因此,容易导致蜂种混杂,生产性能降低。如果采用隔离交尾场进行繁育工作,就必须控制半径10公里以上的面积,在人力、物力和蜜源资源上造成一定浪费。而且我省蜜源没有统一规划,转地蜂群不能统一安排,控制隔离场也是不可能的,因此,采用人工授精技术进行种蜂繁育工作,在生产上具有重要意义。这项工作在山西省还是首次。1 试验材料与方法     

蜜蜂卵黄发生及激素调控概述

综述了蜜蜂卵黄发生的过程及其激素调控的研究进展 ,其中主要介绍了关于保幼激素和蜕皮激素的调控作用 ,并就这方面的研究进行了展望     

瓦螨微生物防治的不良效果

We report six different field trials testing the efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae,an entomopathogenic fungus,against varroa mites in honey bee hives.Varroa mites are parasitic on honey bees and cause serious damage to Apis mellifera colonies.Several control methods are available for varroa mites,none are very effective,so new,more effective methods are being sought.Varroa has previously been shown to be highly susceptible to M.anisopliae infections,and in our first two field trials,we found some efficacy from spore applications.However,in subsequent field trials,we were not able to obtain any varroa control, despite attempting several different application methods, two different strains of the fungus, and testing in different climates and during different phenological states of the honey bee colony. We conclude that microbial control of varroa using fungi is not likely to be effective unless some way is found to prolong the survival of the spores (or other infective units) in the hive environment.     

RAPD分子标记在蜜蜂遗传育种中的应用

RAPD分子标记在蜜蜂遗传育种中得到较广泛应用 .利用 RAPD分子遗传标记 ,估测蜜蜂性别决定位点 (x)与低幼虫存活率位点的标记序列位置 (STS)之间的遗传距离为 1 .6c M;构建了蜜蜂 (Apismellifera)遗传连锁图 ,确定了蜜蜂性基因位点 (x)、黑色体色基因位点 (blk)、苹果酸脱氢酶 (Mdh-1 )位点分别位于第 3、6、1 8个连锁群 ;确定了影响蜜蜂采粉、报警信息素水平、螫刺行为和体长等数量性状的基因座位 ;筛选出 5种引物 ,这些引物所扩增的 RAPD标记可作为鉴别欧洲蜜蜂和非洲蜜蜂 (A. mellifera L.)的分子标记 .蜜蜂高产性状 RAPD标记的研究已取得一定进展     

利用多种回归模型对比估算琯溪蜜柚叶片钾素含量

钾素是蜜柚营养三要素之一,是准确诊断和定量评价生长状况的重要指标,建立合适的蜜柚叶片钾素含量高光谱估算模型,为实现快速、无损、精确的钾素含量估测提供依据。基于蜜柚叶片高光谱数据和钾素含量实测数据,首先分析蜜柚叶片钾素含量与原始及一阶微分光谱的相关性,然后分析与敏感波段植被参数的相关性,并找出相关性较好的光谱参数,建立蜜柚叶片钾素含量偏最小二乘回归模型（PLS）、BP神经网络回归模型（BPNN）、随机森林回归模型（RF）和支持向量机回归模型（SVM）,并确定蜜柚叶片钾素含量最佳估算模型。在513~598 nm和699~735 nm处,蜜柚叶片钾素含量与原始光谱反射率呈显著负相关,最大负相关系数分别为-0.47（554 nm）和-0.45（715 nm）。在507~552 nm和691~711 nm处,蜜柚叶片钾素含量与一阶微分光谱反射率呈显著负相关,最大负相关系数分别为-0.54（528 nm）和-0.53（702 nm）;在557~655 nm处,二者呈显著正相关,最大正相关系数为0.58（579 nm）。选择554、715、528、579、702 nm构建光谱参数,建立差值植被指数（DVI_{λ1, λ2}）、比值植被指数（RVI_{λ1, λ2}）和归一化植被指数（NDVI_{λ1, λ2}）等,其中与蜜柚叶片钾素含量相关性较好的光谱参量为NDVI′_579,702、RVI_554,715、RVI′_528,579、R′₅₇₉。建立PLS、BPNN、RF和SVM等4种回归模型估算蜜柚叶片钾素含量并进行对比验证,4种估算模型的决定系数（R²）分别为0.72、0.74、0.84和0.81,均方根误差（RMSE）分别为2.44、2.28、1.49和1.61;相对误差（RE）分别为9.95%、9.01%、7.84%和8.01%。验证模型的R²分别为0.79、0.84、0.85和0.82,RMSE分别为1.69、1.48、1.34和1.41,RE分别为8.47%、7.70%、6.12%和6.35%,RF估算模型精度稍高于PLS、BPNN和SVM估算模型。     

Assessing the Knowledge Level of Beekeepers on Improved Beekeeping Management Practices in Peri-Urban Areas of Southwestern Nigeria

The study was conducted to assess beekeepers' knowledge of improved management practices in peri-urban areas of southwestern Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select 90 respondents from the study area. Results show that beekeepers in southwestern Nigeria had inadequate knowledge of improved beekeeping management practices, which resulted in low skill in most of the practices. Most of the beekeepers encountered problems ranging from inadequate skill, drought, honeybee pests and diseases, and death of the colony. The authors recommend that farmers be well-trained in improved management practices so as to enhance food security.     

Alternative Marketing Strategies for Honey and Other Bee Products in Turkey

ABSTRACT

Turkey is the fourth leading honey producing country in the world after China, the United States, and Argentina, with around 5.35% of the market. One of the most important problems facing the Turkish beekeeping sector is marketing. In general, the market structure for animal products in Turkey has a confusing chain, which causes great differences between producer and consumer prices. Beekeepers have several alternatives for marketing their honey in Turkey: they may sell directly to consumers (in local markets or roadside stands), to a honey cooperative, to a wholesaler, to a honey packer or dealer, and/or to the export market. This study examines the marketing channels for honey and other bee products in Turkey, discusses the problems and defects of the current system from the perspective of producers and other actors in the market, and suggests solutions that include an increased role for cooperatives and extension services.     

巢式PCR检测琯溪蜜柚黑斑病病原菌

利用特异性引物从琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌基因组DNA中扩增出一条分子量为487 bp的特异性条带,准确地与疮痂病、炭疽病和黄斑病菌等蜜柚常发性真菌病害区分开.采用巢式PCR对该引物的检测灵敏度进行测定,结果显示,对于黑斑病菌基因组DNA,巢式PCR的检测灵敏度为100 fg/μL,灵敏度比常规PCR至少提高100倍;对于发病组织,巢式PCR可从病斑组织含量为100 μg的DNA样品中检测到黑斑病菌.采用巢式PCR检测技术,可从蜜柚的黑斑病显症组织和未显症组织特异性地检测到病原菌,且检出率分别为96.67％和90％.     

“蜜宝”火龙果的组织培养技术

对“蜜宝”火龙果组织培养的外植体选择,不同培养基对腋芽诱导、丛生芽增殖及生根培养的影响等进行了研究。结果表明：近老熟茎段为最佳外植体,最适腋芽诱导培养基为MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+琼脂6.4 g+蔗糖30 g,最适增殖培养基为MS+6-BA1.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L,最适生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA0.5 mg/L+活性炭1 g/L+琼脂6.4 g+蔗糖30 g。