寒露风对晚稻的危害及其防御对策

阐述了寒露风发生的类型,分析寒露风对晚稻的危害,提出防御对策,以为晚稻生产提供参考。     

Wind Power Utilization Efficiency on Roof of Rectangular Buildings

Installing small wind turbines on the roof of buildings is a new way of wind power utilization in recently years. Based on the annual mean wind speed, the efficiency of wind power utilization on roofs of buildings was studied and the evaluation indexes for the utilization efficiency were proposed. With the help of CFD numerical analysis, the analysis on wind power utilization efficiency on flat roofs of rectangular buildings was carried out. The performance indexes of reference points under different windward angles were investigated. The best position and arrangement of wind turbines on the roof were also discussed. Furthermore, the utilization efficiency of four roofs with different shapes were analyzed and compared with that of flat roof.     

Airfoil design using improved particle swarm optimization

Based on the theory of standard particle swarm optimization (PSO), an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is presented, and it has a better optimized performance than standard PSO. A multi-objective wind turbine airfoil shape optimization model is established and 4 kinds of different thick wind turbine airfoils with better performance are designed by using the improved PSO algorithm. The aerodynamic performance of the CQU-A18 and CQU-A21 airfoils are analyzed in detail compared with the commonly used wind turbine airfoil with the same thickness. The results show that the new airfoils show very good aerodynamic characteristics, and they are found to be very insensitive to leading edge roughness. The new airfoils exhibit the higher lift coefficient and larger lift/drag ratio in both smooth condition and rough condition at the main angle of attacks. The performances of the new airfoils show a significant improvement compared with the typical airfoils.     

元谋干热河谷坡面径流蓄积过程中的面源污染物变化

在元谋干热河谷选择严重干扰退化草地、采取"封禁"和"封禁+等高反坡阶"植被自然恢复草地,布设集水系统对3种草地的径流进行拦截和蓄积,并对2008年雨季和之后的地表径流总氮、总磷和化学需氧量浓度进行测定,结果表明:自然恢复植被能大量减少坡面径流和泥沙产生量,进而大幅度减少面源污染物的输出。坡面径流收集过程对径流拦截和沉砂过程中面源污染物的浓度有较大的削减作用,径流从沉砂池进入蓄水设备,使总氮和总磷浓度分别削减46.63%和38.08%,地表径流在蓄水设备中贮存会使径流中的面源污染物浓度得到进一步削减,证明水土流失防治措施在削减面源污染物输出中有显著作用。     

祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹吞咽功能障碍的多中心临床观察

目的系统观察祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹患者吞咽功能障碍的作用。方法将240例确诊为风痰型假性球麻痹的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各120例,分别给予祛风化痰针刺法和模拟针刺法治疗,取穴风池(双)、完骨(双)、廉泉、丰隆(双)。每天上、下午各针刺1次,连续6 d为1疗程,疗程间休息1 d,治疗4个疗程。采用洼田饮水试验方法于治疗前、治疗2、4个疗程后进行吞咽功能级别评定,4个疗程后进行疗效评定和比较。结果第2个疗程结束后两组患者的吞咽功能评级与治疗前比较有较显著的提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05);与治疗前比较,第4疗程结束后吞咽功能评级进一步显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗组较对照组更优,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗组的治愈率、显效率和总有效率均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论祛风化痰针刺法改善假性球麻痹患者吞咽功能有肯定、持续且显著的作用,有较大的临床应用价值。     

可再生能源在我国设施农业中的应用

对太阳能、风能、地热能、生物质能等可再生能源在我国设施农业中的应用技术及应用现状进行了总结概述,指出了目前地热和沼气在我国设施农业中已经得到较为广泛的应用,地源热泵、太阳能综合利用技术也取得了一定的成果,风能的利用还有待开发,我国设施农业中可再生能源利用新技术以及能源结构有待进一步的发展和完善。     

Age and spatial structure of natural Pinus sylvestris stands in Latvia

Abstract

The age and spatial structure of six natural old growth Pinus sylvestris stands in Latvia were investigated, to attempt to identify retrospectively the past features of development. In each stand, one or two plots of size 200–900 m² were established. Tree locations were mapped, stem diameter was measured, and tree age was determined from cores or by counting branch whorls. Tree distribution was assessed by Ripley's K function. A clumped spatial pattern was shown for P. sylvestris younger than 100 years. The temporal patterns of establishment could be partly linked to favourable climatic periods. The major disturbance affecting pine stands along the coast was windblown sand, which partly buried some stems and probably affected the patterns of seedling recruitment and mortality. Disturbance caused by fire had a major role in determining the past regimens of mortality and establishment in dry stands located inland. The successful invasion during the last century of spruce in more mesic plots with a pine overstorey may be due to fire suppression.     

元江县干热河谷引种柚木生长情况初探

在1965年引种自缅甸的元江县干热河谷柚木林分中设置4个调查样地,对在不同小地形、不同坡向和不同土壤质地上的样木生长情况进行了研究.结果表明:位于山坡的林分生长差,位于山凹的林分生长最好;在半阴坡上的样木生长状况明显优于半阳坡,同坡向相比,水土条件好的地方树木生长优于水土条件差的地方.     

大型海上风能开发示范项目及其借鉴作用研究——以上海东海大桥风电场建设为例

研究了海上风电场的组成、国内外风电发展的现状,以及上海东海大桥海上风电场建设的关键技术,为今后海上风能资源的大规模开发提供借鉴。     

林带冬季相结构参数及透风系数的算法推导

从林带结构参数——疏透度β、立木表面积疏透度S’、立木体积疏透度V’、地上生物表面积密度C、地上生物体积密度W的定义和运算关系出发,推演出冬季相林带结构参数之间、以及它们与林带透风系数α、林带宽度D、枝条平均直径d的相互关系,其表达式为:W=V’/D=1/4dC=dS’/4D=-πdlnβ/4D=-0.1πdlnα/D该式是对几个主要结构参数之间具有同质性的证明,说明不同结构参数概念具有本质上的继承性和一致性,不存在严格意义上的排他性,在一定条件下是可以换算的,为林带防风效应评价运算提供了方便。导出一组适合我国北方干旱风沙区农田防护林带防风效应评价的运算公式。