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51.
D. Hagan C. Dobbs N. Timilsina F. Escobedo G. S. Toor M. Andreu 《Soil Use and Management》2012,28(1):78-88
We investigated the effects of various anthropogenic factors on urban soil properties in subtropical, coastal Tampa, FL, USA. Specifically, we explored the influence of (i) urbanization as measured by land use, land cover, population density and years since urban development and (ii) socioeconomic conditions as reflected in household income and property values on bulk density (BD) and several key soil chemical properties. Results indicate that Tampa’s urban soils were affected to varying degrees by these factors with chemical properties being more variable than BD. Across land uses significant differences were found for Mehlich‐1 (M1) extractable P, Ca and Na. A similar trend was observed for land‐cover classes, although significant differences were also found for pH and M1‐Cu. Soil properties had no statistically significant relationship with population density. However, time since urbanization did with M1‐P and Na varying significantly across age categories. For our socioeconomic analyses, M1‐K and Mg levels differed significantly by household income while pH, P, Ca and Na values differed significantly by property value. Overall, our findings indicate that despite their inherent heterogeneity, there are identifiable patterns among subtropical coastal urban soil properties. We suggest that a more thorough understanding of these patterns and their drivers is an essential first step towards developing soil management strategies aimed at maintaining environmental quality and ecosystem services in subtropical cities. 相似文献
52.
The application of geotextile mats constructed from the palm leaves of Borassus aethiopum (Borassus) and Mauritia flexuosa (Buriti) was investigated in field experiments. The use of geotextiles caused improved soil moisture storage during dry summer periods on a steep (21–25°) roadside slope in Lithuania. The enhanced soil moisture under the Borassus and Buriti mats encouraged better root development of perennial grasses, increased the number and weight of earthworms and increased the dry biomass of perennial grasses by 50.5 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with a grassland control. The mean rate of water erosion from bare soil during the study period from 17/04/2007 to 11/12/2008 was 33.21 Mg/ha. The cover of palm‐mat geotextiles decreased soil losses from bare fallow soil by 94.8–91.1%. An erosion rate of 0.85 Mg/ha over this 21‐month period was measured on the slope under perennial grasses without geotextile cover. Application of geotextile cover on perennial grasses completely prevented soil erosion by water. Therefore, use of geotextiles has clear soil and water conservation benefits on industrial slopes susceptible to erosion. The use of geotextiles has multiple benefits including soil conservation, the improvement of plant growth conditions and the encouragement of earthworm populations. 相似文献
53.
Irene Vänninen Heikki Hokkanen Johanna Tyni‐Juslin 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):167-183
Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986–90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85–2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85–4 (both at rate 1.2 x 109 conidia plant‐ 1), and ‘Muscabac’ (25 g 1?1, 1 dl plant?1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86–39 at rate 1.6 x 109conidia plant?1 and 1.5 x 108 CFU plant?1 and S. feltiae SFS‐22 (35000 plant?1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3‐fold, respectively, as compared with the untreated control, but these yields were only 19%, 15% and 19% of those of the chemical (diazinon) control. Paecilomyces isolates were ineffective in the 1986 experiment in which they were included. Our results suggest that it is difficult to find efficient control agents among the fungal and nematode species tested for use as biopesticides against cabbage root flies, but that the potential of M. anisopliae against these pests deserves further study. 相似文献
54.
阐述了园林地被的概念及分类并介绍了邢台市园林绿化中主要应用的地被植物及其应用形式。分析了邢台市园林绿化中地被景观发展的现状及存在问题,并在此基础上提出今后园林地被植物的应用前景及发展方向。 相似文献
55.
论述了RAPD技术的原理、意义及其在基因定位、遗传图谱的构建、亲缘关系和系统进化的研究、品种纯度的鉴定、体细胞杂种鉴定和目标基因的早期鉴定等方面应用于农作物育种的情况。由于RAPD技术简捷快速、花费少,虽有一定的局限性,但仍在基因组研究中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。 相似文献
56.
57.
Damage caused by nematodes is one of the limiting factors in crop production. Traditional nematode management is based on
the use of crop rotations, resistant cultivars, nematicides, or combinations of these methods. For a crop like peanut (Arachis hypogaea), cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes are not available. There are soybean (Glycine max) cultivars resistant to some of the species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.); however, most fields have nematode infestations composed of mixtures of species. Research at Auburn has shown that
tropical crops can be used effectively in rotation to manage nematode problems. Rotations with American jointvetch (Aeschynomene americana), castor (Ricinus communis), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta), partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata), sesame (Sesamum indicum), and velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana) have resulted in good nematode control and increased yields of peanut and soybean. Some crops (castor, sesame) are considered
‘active’ in that they produce compounds that are nematicidal, whereas others (e.g. corn, sorghum) are simply non-host, that is, ‘passive’. 相似文献
58.
生草园捕食性天敌东亚小花蝽的人工操纵技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在北京巨山农场果园中,分别在6月初和6月中旬,刈割苹果树行间的紫花苜蓿并将其放在树冠下后,东亚小花蝽既向割草区周围的紫花苜蓿上扩散,也向割草区苹果树上迁移。割草后3天,割草区周围紫花苜蓿上小花蝽数量增加20%~119%,其增加量随距割草区距离的增加而减少,割草区苹果树冠上小花蝽数量比割草前增加2~3倍,蝽螨比可提高14倍,树冠小花蝽增加的数量受小花蝽扩散能力和割草时间的影响。试验结果表明,适时刈割苹果园中的紫花苜蓿,对控制害螨有明显的作用 相似文献
59.
The pea leafminer,Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), recently introduced into Israel, has proven to be extremely proliferous and difficult to control. It is a much
more serious pest of vegetable and flower crops than the previously introducedLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess). Photosynthesis is reduced and cosmetic damage is incurred when adult flies stipple plant leaves with feeding punctures
and larvae mine the leaves. This paper will review briefly the history, biology and potential control measures of the pea
leafminer. 相似文献
60.