樱桃离体叶片高效再生的影响因素

利用基因工程技术将外源的抗病基因导入受体植物,使受体获得抗病性,已成为抗病育种的一个新途径。叶片是基因工程操作中常用的受体材料,本实验以几个樱桃树种、品种为试材,系统研究了影响樱桃叶片再生的几个因素,旨在为基因转化提供一个高效、稳定的植株再生体系。1材料和方法1     

Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees

Using a correlation between trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and stem water potential (SWP) it appears possible to determine water deficit threshold values (WDTV) for young cherry trees. This correlation must be based on a significant effect between SWP and at least one variable associated with the vegetative or reproductive growth of the trees. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of several irrigation treatments on vegetative and reproductive growth and the SWP of young cherry trees; (2) to determine the correlation between TDF and SWP, and; (3) to propose a first approximation of SWP and TDF water deficit threshold values for young cherry tree plants. The experiment was carried out between September and April of the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, in Quillota, in the Valparaiso region, central Chile. The irrigation treatments consisted of applications of 50% (T₅₀), 100% (T₁₀₀) and 150% (T₁₅₀) of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) over the two growing seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCB). The effect of irrigation scheduling was observed on: apical shoot growth rate (GR_AS), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA), canopy volume (CV), annual length of accumulated growth (AL_AG) and productivity. This effect showed that the T₅₀ treatment caused lower SWP (measured pre-dawn), vegetative growth and productivity. The fruit quality variables (cracking and size) were not affected by the different treatments. Combining the vegetative growth, productivity and SWP results shows that the water deficit threshold value, as a first approximation, is between 50% and 100% of ET₀, and therefore the critical SWP for defining irrigation frequency should be close to −0.5 MPa. Upon applying a post-harvest drought period (14 days without irrigation), a linear correlation was determined both between SWP and maximum daily trunk shrinkage, MDS (R² = 0.69) and between SWP and trunk growth rate, TGR (R² = 0.57). Using these correlations and the SWP reference value, reference values were obtained for MDS (165 μm) and TGR (83 μm day⁻¹), which would permit automated control of water status in young cherry trees.     

促花措施对日光温室甜樱桃幼树成花及坐果的影响

日光温室中甜樱桃采用刻芽、环剥、绞缢、PP333等促花措施处理，促花效果以环剥后不包伤口、绞缢、短梢停长期低浓度PP333喷布和中长梢停长期高浓度PP333蘸尖效果较好。日光温室中甜樱桃可多次分化花芽，中后期形成的花芽坐果率明显高于前期。     

有机液体肥对甜樱桃幼树移栽效果的影响

对异地移栽的3年生红灯樱桃树进行了"合旺"牌有机液体肥试验。结果表明,于定植时和萌芽前、幼果发育期、采果后施用有机液体肥处理较同期等量施用复合肥对照移栽树成活率、百叶鲜重分别提高8.9%、13.9%;栽后第2年和第3年的花朵坐果率、单株产量和果实可溶性固形物含量也显著提高。     

中国樱桃授粉结实和果实发育的研究

中国樱桃短柄和尖嘴品种在日平均气温4～5℃花芽开始萌动,12℃左右开花,14℃左右盛开。在10～25℃范围内花粉发芽率随气温上升而增高。在15℃条件下花粉经过4～8h开始发芽。短柄樱桃花粉发芽适应的气温范围广,低温下发芽率高于尖嘴樱桃。雌蕊授粉结实能力一般持续4～5 d,阴雨潮湿天气相应延长。以开花后1 d授粉的座果率为最高,第6 d明显下降。开花后4 d内平均气温和座果率呈直线回归,达到显著水平。以自然传粉的授粉方式,座果率为最高,同品种不同单株授粉座果率低,但高于自花授粉。樱桃有3次落果高峰,采前落果严重。果实生长期从盛花至果熟约47～55d.果实鲜重增长最快时间在采前10～15d.果肉干重在采前15d达到高峰。果实纵横径增长均表现为迅速生长。     

樱桃的特性及其早结果早丰产技术的研究

在良好的栽培条件下,樱桃发枝多,树冠形成快。早期产量与干径有密切关系。幼树短果枝数量多,座果率高;长果枝是主要结果枝,其产量占全树总产量的50.69％.试验园采用选择园地、土壤,挖大穴施足底肥,选用优良品种,搭配授粉树,合理整枝修剪和加强土肥管理等综合措施。栽后第2年平均产量为25.0kg/667m~2,第3年单株平均产量7.7kg,最高为22.5kg,平均产量为275.7kg/667m~2,达到早果丰产目的。     

樱桃砧木根癌病敏感性评价方法

建立了樱桃砧木对农杆菌敏感性的评价方法,在5种樱桃砧木,对樱桃(Prunus.pseudocerasus)、CAB(P.cerasus)、Gisela5、Gisela6(P.cerasus×P.canescens)、colt(P.avium×P.pseudocerasus)的组培苗茎上接种野生型农杆菌(C58),40d后调查结瘤百分率和瘤重,基于结瘤百分率和病情指数评价了供试材料的敏感性,结果表明:该方法能反映不同砧木的抗性水平,可作为樱桃砧木根癌病敏感性评价、筛选抗性种质的一种有效的方法。     

黄樱桃番茄“金旺369”基质无公害高产栽培技术

简述了黄樱桃番茄无公害基质栽培的技术要点,包括育苗、定植方法、定植后管理、营养液管理及病虫害防治方法、采收。     

莱阳矮樱桃的离体培养技术研究

用莱阳矮樱桃茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究6-BA对外植体芽诱导的影响,研究两种激素6-BA和IBA不同浓度组合的芽增殖效应,及研究IBA的生根效果。试验结果表明:莱阳矮樱桃的最佳分化培养基为MS 6-BA1.0mg/L IBA0.1mg/L Sugar30g/L Agar6g/L,最有效的生根培养基为1/2MS IBA0.5mg/L Sugar30g/L Agar6g/L。     

樱桃砧木吉塞拉5号组培苗生根的试验研究

以樱桃砧木吉塞拉5号组培苗为试材,研究了不同激素种类、不同光照条件,对组培苗生根率、根长、根粗、根数的影响.结果表明,光照对组培苗根原基形成的初期影响很大,弱光能显著提高生根率,激素组合处理诱导生根的效果明显好于单激素处理,试管苗生根以1/2MS+0.2 mg/l IBA+0.4 mg/l IAA为最佳配方.