基于MapGIS K9的耕地整理潜力测算与分级——以江西省崇仁县为例

结合崇仁县的实际情况,根据2012年末崇仁县耕地分布数据运用增加耕地系数、耕地坡度结构、耕地区位指数和人均耕地面积4个指标综合评价研究区耕地整理潜力,在定量评价耕地整理的基础上,以乡镇为分级单元对崇仁县的耕地整理潜力进行分级,为地方耕地整理工作提供参考.     

类土质高边坡稳定性计算分析方法

介绍了类土质高边坡的破坏模式,研究了如何从“定性到定量”进行高边坡设计,并以深圳地区某花岗岩高边坡为例,介绍如何进行类土质高边坡稳定性计算,该综合分析方法可操作性强、具有较好的实用价值。     

基于意愿调查的村域尺度农村居民点整理潜力测算

以重庆市崇龛镇古泥村9个社为例,采用“两步走”策略分别对9个社内农村居民点整理潜力进行测算,即在运用人均建设用地标准法测算出各个社的农村居民点整理潜力理论值的基础上,综合考虑影响村域内农村居民点整理的影响因素,对理论潜力值进行修正,最终得到符合村域实际情况的农村居民点整理潜力值,以期探索村级尺度农村居民点整理潜力测算的方法,为村级土地利用规划提供理论依据.结果表明:理论上,古泥村9个社的农村居民点整理均有较大的潜力,整理潜力面积为19.25 hm2,预计整理后能节地55.43％;通过建立农村居民点整理评价指标体系后,得出各个村的整理潜力修正系数在0.3866～0.7083之间,修正后的整理面积为10.38 hm2,预计整理后能节地29.89％,较理论潜力值少8.87 hm2;根据各个社农村居民点现实整理潜力,可把古泥村9个社划分为优先整理区、重点整理区、适度整理区和后续整理区.     

A comparison of linear and exponential regression for estimating diffusive CH4 fluxes by closed-chambers in peatlands

The closed-chamber method is the most common approach to determine CH₄ fluxes in peatlands. The concentration change in the chamber is monitored over time, and the flux is usually calculated by the slope of a linear regression function. Theoretically, the gas exchange cannot be constant over time but has to decrease, when the concentration gradient between chamber headspace and soil air decreases. In this study, we test whether we can detect this non-linearity in the concentration change during the chamber closure with six air samples. We expect generally a low concentration gradient on dry sites (hummocks) and thus the occurrence of exponential concentration changes in the chamber due to a quick equilibrium of gas concentrations between peat and chamber headspace. On wet (flarks) and sedge-covered sites (lawns), we expect a high gradient and near-linear concentration changes in the chamber. To evaluate these model assumptions, we calculate both linear and exponential regressions for a test data set (n = 597) from a Finnish mire. We use the Akaike Information Criterion with small sample second order bias correction to select the best-fitted model. 13.6%, 19.2% and 9.8% of measurements on hummocks, lawns and flarks, respectively, were best fitted with an exponential regression model. A flux estimation derived from the slope of the exponential function at the beginning of the chamber closure can be significantly higher than using the slope of the linear regression function. Non-linear concentration-over-time curves occurred mostly during periods of changing water table. This could be due to either natural processes or chamber artefacts, e.g. initial pressure fluctuations during chamber deployment. To be able to exclude either natural processes or artefacts as cause of non-linearity, further information, e.g. CH₄ concentration profile measurements in the peat, would be needed. If this is not available, the range of uncertainty can be substantial. We suggest to use the range between the slopes of the exponential regression at the beginning and at the end of the closure time as an estimate of the overall uncertainty.     

大兴安岭主要树种生长过程表中有关调查因子的补充计算及其应用

在使用林分生长过程表中 ,文章就林分株数、立木材积、平均生长量、生长率、胸高形数、稀疏株数等因子的补充计算及其应用方面作初步探讨     

Beggs-Brill截面含液率计算模型的剖析与修正

指出了Ｂｅｇｇｓ－Ｂｒｉｌｌ截面含液率计算模型在计算下倾管路时存在的问题，并从数学上进行了分析，推导得出了截面含液率计算公式在计算下倾管时的使用范围。提供了一种用于管路持流率计算的方法，可以用于水平管、上倾管和下倾管的计算，并利用实验数据对两者的计算结果作了比较。     

大落差管道的一些技术问题

针对大落差成品油管道静压过高和动压过大的技术问题，结合郑州－成都成品油管道的实际情况，提出了具体的解决措施。在正常输送过程中，采用变径管设计，以解决动压过大的技术问题，分析了变径管设计的的水力计算结果。由于管道所经过的地区高差较大，为降低静压，停输时进行静压截断，低流量时采用间歇输送。并对防止不满流现象提出了具体措施。     

段塞捕集器内液体体积的计算

段塞捕集器是由多根管径和长度相同的钢管并排连接而成的管道系统，由于其钢斜放置，其内液体的计算比较困难。采用微积分方法推导了出不同情况下倾斜管内液体体积的计算公式，利用给出了的公式，对国外某一段塞捕集器不同液位下的体积进行了计算。     

氢环境中含轴向裂纹管道扩展孕育期的计算

在天然气输送工程中，广泛存在着管道的氢损伤问题，根据内聚力损伤模型，运用权函数方法，通过计算数学裂纹长度，提出了含油向裂纹管道在氢环境承载能力的评估方法和裂纹扩展孕育期的计算方法，分析表明，随着裂纹尖端氢浓度的增大，裂纹尖端的内聚力随之减小，数学裂工度随之增大，管道的承载能力大大降低，另外从理论和数值计算两方面分析了操作压力，氢 环境，氢扩散系数以及环境温度对孕育的影响。