尖叶胡枝子地下生物量累积变化

通过对栽培条件下尖叶胡枝子地下不同直径根系组分和生物量的测定及模拟分析,结果表明:尖叶胡枝子的根系垂直空间分布为典型的表层聚积型,根系主要集中在0～20 cm,根系垂直分布特征参数β的值较小;生长1 080 d(生长3年)的尖叶胡枝子根系入土深度可达100 cm,其中在0～40 cm的土层中,以粗根为主,占总根量的81.54%,40 cm之下以细根为主;根系密度随着尖叶胡枝子生长期的延长呈明显增大的趋势.     

放牧强度、植被结构与草地生态环境的关系

本文综述了放牧对草地植物组成及植物生物量的影响、不同放牧方式和强度对家畜和草地的影响、高寒草甸地区人工草地建植和利用的研究进展。为了保护草地植物多样性及获得较高草地生产量,应使草地承受适当的放牧压力。     

高寒珠芽蓼草甸植被生物量的季节动态特征

调查了甘肃省天祝县珠芽蓼高寒草甸,结果表明,调查草甸的主要植物有26种,隶属13科23属。其中珠芽蓼(0.148)为优势种,次优势种有乳白香青、球花蒿、线叶嵩草等。通过对珠芽蓼草甸群落组成和结构的季节动态的研究分析发现,地上植物量在整个生长季中表现为单峰曲线,地下植物量变化呈现“V”型曲线,环境因子是制约珠芽蓼草甸植物生长发育和植物量的主导因子。     

不同装液量对金顶侧耳液体摇瓶培养的影响

以食用菌金顶侧耳为试验研究对象;用综合PDA(马铃薯20 g,葡萄糖20 g,硫酸镁1.5g,磷酸二氢钾3.0g,水1 000 mL,pH自然)为液体培养基;以(25±1)℃,180 r/min为气浴恒温振荡器的温度和振荡速率.设定了60、80、100、120、140 mL 5个不同的装液量.经过7 d的摇瓶培养,过滤发酵液,得到菌丝体和粗酶液.再通过测定菌丝体烘干后的生物量,以及测定粗酶液中多酚氧化酶和漆酶活性,得出了:装液量为100 mL,菌丝体烘干生物量明显大于其他装液量;装液量为140 mL,有利于多酚氧化酶的分泌,酶的活力较强,并且其活力随装液量的递增而变强.装液量为100mL,有利于漆酶的分泌,酶的活力较强,不同装液量的菌丝生长都在第6天出现了高峰期,其中以装液量为100mL/250mL时,其菌丝球数量较多.     

Improvements in somatic embryogenesis protocol in Feijoa (Acca sellowiana (Berg) Burret): Induction,conversion and synthetic seeds

Pineapple guava (Acca sellowiana) syn. Feijoa sellowiana, a Brazilian indigenous Myrtaceae is under domestication in South Brazil. Previous works showed that this species is responsive to somatic embryogenesis and recalcitrant to conventional methods of clonal propagation. In the present work it was evaluated the role of components of culture medium in the induction and development of somatic embryos. The technology of synthetic seeds was also evaluated. Zygotic embryos were inoculated in LPm medium supplemented with 8 mM glutamic acid and 8 mM l-glutamine, 2,4-dichlophenoxiacetic acid (20 μM) and myo-inositol. For conversion of somatic embryos and synthetic seeds it was tested the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellic acid combined or not with activated charcoal. The highest values for embryogenetic induction (100%) and number of somatic embryos/explant (113) were observed in the LPm medium supplemented with Glu (8 mM), and 2,4-D. The culture medium supplemented with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) and activated charcoal (1.5 g L⁻¹) enhanced the conversion of somatic embryos to plantlets. Pre-germinated somatic embryos encapsulated in sodium alginate with BA (0.5 μM) and GA₃ (1 μM) developed radicles. The use of synthetic seed was a requisite for the survival of plantlets.     

天山南坡高寒草地物种多样性及地上生物量研究

在新疆天山巴音布鲁克草原对高寒草甸、高寒草原和高寒草甸化草原的物种多样性进行了研究,结果表明:盖度+高度指标测度群落物种多样性指数要优于盖度和株数指标,更适于测度高寒草地的物种多样性指数。丰富度指数、Margalef指数与Shannon-wiener指数相关性显著,在小的空间研究尺度内,草地植物群落物种多样性指数受丰富度指数的影响较大。地上生物量与丰富度指数、Margalef指数和Shannon-wiener指数呈负相关关系。     

估测木薯茎叶生物量的一数学模型

为构建木薯茎叶生物量的估测模型,调查了木薯上、中、下部的茎粗、株高、叶柄长等形态学指标与茎叶生物量的关系.结果表明,木薯茎叶生物量主要受下部茎粗和株高的综合影响,并且下部茎粗、株高与茎叶生物量的关系均为乘幂函数关系.通过模型拟合和择优得到木薯茎叶生物量的估测模型W=0.032 83d2.48 6h0.1824.经新的实测数据检验,理论值与实测值的相对误差率为4.46%,完全满足测量精度要求.     

Effects of Clear‐Cutting Alder Coppice on Surface Soil Properties and Aboveground Herbaceous Plant Biomass

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of clear‐cutting and skidding impacts on surface soils in an alder coppice and aboveground herbaceous biomass. For this purpose, experimental sites used in the study were a randomized complete block with four replications. Some soil properties were measured at 60 pits at 0 to 5 cm and 5 to 10 cm deep in control, normal harvest, and main skid trail sites. In the main skid trail site, as compared to the control and normal harvest site, the bulk density increased from 0.90 to 1.52g cm^?3, the soil organic‐matter content decreased from 4.77% to 1.65%, and saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased from 86.34 to 9.6 cm h^?1 at 0 to 5 cm deep. Optimization of harvesting time and rehabilitation of skid roads needed to be done to prevent and minimize negative impacts of the skid roads on soils.     

森林资源清查中植被调查与统计技术研究

文章提出了利用森林资源连续清查固定样地进行植被种类和生物量调查的技术方法。此方法通过选择适当时间，提高调查者相关知识，确定样地数量等措施，可满足植物区系调查的要求，对于植被类型确定，植物蕴藏量统计，经济植物开发利用保护的决策，植被演替规律的观测具有实用价值。