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31.
Objective A meibometer is a device to measure the delivery rate of lipids on the eyelid margin. The aim of this study is to determine the measuring precision of the new Meibometer® MB550 (Courage-Khazaka electronic GmbH, 50829, Cologne, Germany), linked to a computer, by means of repeated measurements in dogs by different examiners. Procedure Two investigators measured the lipid rate on the eyelid margin in 10 healthy dogs for 10 days. One examiner measured the right eye (OD) and the other measured the left eye (OS) for 5 days. After 5 days, the eyes to be measured were switched between the examiners. The new device was able to record all measurement values as charts and curves in comparison to the previous Meibometer, which displayed only one value. Results Mean meibomium lipid level ± SD in the OD and OS of 10 dogs in 10 days was 211 ± 48 MU and 205 ± 41 MU (meibometer units), respectively. There was no significant difference between OD and OS, but a broad distribution of the values could be found. Gender did not influence the measurements. A significant difference was determined between the measurements in the first 5 days to those in the following 5 days. There was, therefore, also a significant difference in the measurements of the 2 examiners. Conclusion Meibometry is a minimally invasive lipid measuring method on the eyelid margin. Repeated measurement results obtained by two examiners, with the new device Meibometer MB550 linked to a computer, showed a wide range of values. The measuring precision of the new Meibometer MB550 is therefore questionable.  相似文献   
32.
1. In commercial layer breeding, extensive gene pools are tested and selected for market requirements which must be anticipated at least 5 years ahead. Field results confirm a continuous positive genetic trend in egg output and better feed efficiency which can be converted into land savings.

2. Animal welfare and cage-free housing dominate future needs of the market. Nesting behaviour and minimal tendency to develop feather-pecking or cannibalism without beak treatment are key trait complexes. Stronger shells for longer production cycles without moulting have to be combined with better bones.

3. No single big gene effect can be expected to control the multifactorial problem of feather-pecking. Adjusting the shape of the beak, with a heritability of .10–.25, can contribute to reducing the risk of severe cannibalism.

4. For better skeletal integrity, the assessment of bone quality in pedigree birds housed in enriched cages is done by keel bone palpation or ultrasound measurement of the humerus. Both traits show similar heritabilities in the range of .15–.30 and can be included in a balanced selection approach for performance, quality and welfare traits.

5. The combination of performance testing and genome-wide DNA marker analysis is a promising tool to generate more progress for a balanced performance and behaviour profile.  相似文献   

33.
蛋鸡中发现J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症自然混合感染   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12  
发病蛋鸡经组织学、免疫组化检测确诊为J亚群白血病与网状内皮增生症混合感染。与人工接种病例不同的是,在肿瘤组织内还发现一种特殊的细胞——淋巴-巨噬细胞;在骨髓和肿瘤组织中检测到部分髓细胞胞浆内有ALV—J抗原表达。从发病情况、各器官病变程度及免疫组化结果来看,2种病原存在明显的相互协同作用,脾可能是网状内皮增生症的原发器官。但其发病的时间可能不如J亚群白血病早。此次在蛋种鸡发现此混合感染提示,病毒在环境选择压及免疫选择压的作用下,其生物特性、致病作用以及宿主范围均可发生改变。应警惕J亚群白血病和网状内皮增生症混合感染在蛋鸡中的大面积暴发。  相似文献   
34.
利用南方农区丰富的农田资源,大力发展草地畜牧业,引草入田,是发挥草业优势,突破农村发展瓶颈,增加农民收入的一项重要措施。探讨了西南地区农田的主要种植草种以及适宜西南地区的种植利用模式。  相似文献   
35.
将300日龄伊莎蛋鸡135只,随机分为3组,在基础日粮中分别添加50mg/kg锌的蛋氨酸锌、氧化锌,基础日粮为对照组,研究不同锌源对蛋鸡产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。试验期30d。结果表明,日粮补锌对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋壳质量及蛋黄锌含量有提高作用,但未发现不同锌源的显著差异。  相似文献   
36.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary vitamin C supplements on growth performance, antioxidant status and humoral immunity of layer ducklings. The results showed that the body weight and daily body weight gain of ducklings increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary vitamin C supplementations and reached a maximum at 400 mg vitamin C/kg feed. The dietary vitamin C supplementations reduced the malondialdehyde concentration (p < 0.05) and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in serum and liver of ducklings at day 5 and 28. Additionally, feeding 400 mg/kg or 800 mg vitamin C/kg feed increased IgM and IgA concentrations in sera (p < 0.05) and serum IgG concentrations increased (p < 0.05) following supplementation in concentrations of 150-800 mg vitamin C/kg feed. In conclusion, the results suggested that dietary vitamin C supplements of 400 mg/kg feed provide optimal effects on growth performance, antioxidant status and parameters of humoral immunity.  相似文献   
37.
38.
饲料营养水平对鸡的生产性能影响很大,特别是蛋白质及氨基酸的平衡,能有效降低鸡的非生产费用和增加养鸡效益。在蛋鸡育成期按饲料蛋白质含量分为低(13%),中(15%),高(16%)三个水平组,至开产前恢复正常蛋白水平(16.5%),进行全期饲养对比试验。结果表明,试验鸡生长发育正常,各项指标基本达到品种标准,至145 d平均体重范围在1312.5~1428.9g;305d平均产蛋率为70.9%~73.15%,和对照组相比,试验组体重和体尺及产蛋率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。经统计,试验一组比对照组料价每kg低12%,差异显著(P<0.05)。因此,采用科学合理的配料方法,在育成期降低日粮蛋白质水平,不影响育成鸡生长发育和成年鸡生产性能。  相似文献   
39.
樊月钢 《家畜生态》1993,14(3):4-5,19
本试验以营养因子、产蛋率、钙源、笼养生态等角度对笼养蛋鸡疲劳症进行综合研究,寻找引起笼养蛋鸡疲劳症的主要因素及减少笼养蛋鸡疲劳症的途径。  相似文献   
40.
We report here the interesting case of a 5-year-old male cynomolgus monkey with goblet cell hyperplasia and thickening of the muscular layer throughout the small intestine without exhibiting any clinical symptoms. Necropsy examination showed diffuse thickening of the intestinal wall from the jejunum to the ileum, with an appearance likened to a rubber tube. Histopathologically, marked thickening was observed in both the mucosal and muscular layers in the jejunum and ileum, and slight thickening was observed in the duodenum. Goblet cell hyperplasia with extension of the circular folds and villi was prominently observed. The mucosal surface was covered with a thick mucus layer containing desquamated mucosal epithelial cells, and both the inner and outer muscular layers were markedly thickened due to smooth muscle hypertrophy. Neither macroscopic nor histopathological examination identified any causative factors, such as infection, enteritis and intestinal stenosis, or obstruction that may have caused development of this lesion. Given these observations, this case may simply be considered of spontaneous goblet cell hyperplasia and muscular layer thickening in the small intestine of a cynomolgus monkey.  相似文献   
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