Analysis and Countermeasures for Books Borrowing Service System：Taking the LibrmT of Shaanxi Railway Institute as an example

采用实地调查方法分析图书馆服务系统概况和服务包支撑奈件，绘制借还书服务系统蓝图分析该系统优缺点，运用管理运筹学中的排队方法解析问题原因，提出改善服务系统的对策，包括增设统一服务台，加强同信息用户联系等方法。     

应用GCMs和历史气候资料生成我国在CO2倍增时的气候情景

采用3种大气环流模型(GCMs)的输出结果,并结合我国各地有代表性气象台站20-30年的逐日气象资料,在微机上生成了我国在CO_2倍增时的3种气候情景.进而分析了我国未来温度、降水和太阳辐射3要素可能的时空分布特征和季节变化趋势,并推测我国易受全球气候变化不利影响的脆弱地区.     

Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior – 3D circulation model

In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior – 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002–04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid- continental shelves of this region.     

论搞活山地流转机制是林业发展之路

搞活山地流转机制，推行林业适度规模经营，是由当前社会大环境和林业自身的特点所决定的。本文在论述搞活山地使用权流转机制时调动林农积极性、发展林业和振兴经济的作用的同时，进一步分析了山地使用权流转的各种形式，并指出评价山地使用权流转形式好坏的标准，是坚持“三个有利于”的标准。     

两种常见林地有偿使用方式对森林经营的影响分析

以福建南平一般杉木中指数中径材经营类型生长指标结合现行市场有关技术经济指标,对林地拍卖与逐年支付地租两种常见林地有偿使用方式对森林资源资产经营的影响进行分析,为林地经营权所有者与林地使用者进行森林资源资产经营提供借鉴。     

滇中地区森林火险等级预报方法的研究

经引起滇中地区森林火灾的主要细小可燃物的含水率及初始蔓延速度的大量试验数据为基础，结合大量林火历史资料，气象历史资料统计分析，找出规律，在对森林火险等级进行实测的基础上，建立数学模型和预报方法。经验证及对预报效果分析证明，本预报方法符合客观实际，是一种符合科学规律、简易、实用的预报方法，同时对引起滇中地区特大森林火灾的大气环流形势及物理量的变化作了分析，掌握了有关规律，为该地区的特大森林火险预报提     

Water circulation, groundwater outflow and nutrient dynamics in Mida creek, Kenya

The relationship between physical hydrodynamic processes and nutrients dynamics was investigated in Mida creek, a groundwater influenced mangrovefringed creek in Kenya between March 1996 and May 1997. The research involved spot and timeseries measurement of nitrate–nitrite, ammonia, silicates, phosphates, salinity, temperature, sealevel as well as tidal currents at seven stations located in the front, middle and backwater zones of the creek. Groundwater level as well as total dissolved solids' concentration, salinity, temperature and nutrients' concentration were also measured once every month in shallow wells (watertable<5m) located in the upper region of the creek. Results of the study show that nutrient concentrations vary with the tide and that, though there is no river drainage, they are of the same magnitude as in mangrove creeks with substantial river runoff. The peak concentrations of NH ₄ ⁺ –N (5.45M), NO ₂ –NO ₃ (5.63M), PO ₄ ^3– –P (0.58M) and SiO ₃ ^2– –Si (81.36M) in the creek occurred during flood tide, 2–3h before high waters. The (NO ₂ ^– + NO ₃ ^– )–N concentrations declined rapidly during ebb tide, reaching the minimum levels during low water. Contribution of groundwater seepage to the net nutrients flux (particularly on nitrite–nitrates) is largest in dry seasons. The study shows that groundwater outflow sustains the mangroves during periods of severe salinity stress and nutrients deficiency in dry seasons. This is essentially by limiting salinity increase and by boosting nutrient supply in dry seasons.     

浙江集体林地使用权流转的调查研究

在社会主义市场经济条件下,林地使用权流转成为必然。本文在介绍了浙江集体林地使用权流转现状的基础上,分析了制约集体林地使用权流转的主要因素,并提出推进林地使用权流转的对策。     

后嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治规划中水资源循环问题的探讨

本文探讨了石嘴山市北沙湖湿地综合整治中的水资源循环问题。笔者认为,在我国西北地区,维持湿地水资源循环是保障湿地生态功能可持续发挥的关键,也是进行湿地综合整治规划时应优先考虑的问题。区域水资源平衡是确保湿地水资源有效循环的基础,在规划中应充分分析湿地的来水水源和水资源消耗,由此确定湿地水资源循环的方式和线路。北沙湖湿地水循环确定了4条外循环线路和2条内循环线路。在水资源循环体系建设中,应充分利用现有水利设施和地势条件,尽量采用自流循环,减少设施设备投资和能源消耗。     

Influences of mean advection and simple behavior on the distribution of cod and haddock early life stages on Georges Bank

Results of a modeling study designed to explore the influences of physical advection and certain biological mechanisms on the distribution of cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melarwgrammus aeglefinus) early life stages on Georges Bank are described. Using a late-winter/early-spring 3-D circulation field driven by the M₂ tidal current, mean wind stress and Scotian Shelf inflow, we examine the distribution of cod and haddock larvae spawned on the Northeast Peak of the Bank. The sensitivity to a March-April baroclinic field is also explored. Results indicate that larvae remaining in the surface Ekman layer are generally advected off-bank. However, downwelling associated with Ekman layer convergence near the shelf break provides a mechanism for larvae to exit from the off-bank surface drift. Larvae below the surface layer are transported south-westward along the southern flank of Georges Bank and are retained on the Bank if their position immediately upstream of the Great South Channel is shoalward of (roughly) the 70 m isobath. Within the Great South Channel region and between the 50 and 70 m isobaths, retention can depend on the phase of the tide. Spawning shoalward of the 50 m isobath on the Northeast Peak greatly increases the chances of retention. These results apply to passive larvae and to those with specified vertical distributions and migration based on observations. Directional on-bank swimming at rates of 0.5 to 1 body length per second would substantially enhance shoalward displacement, resulting in larval distributions during the first 2 months that are consistent with field observations.