小菜蛾腺苷受体基因PxAdoR克隆及杀虫靶标作用

利用蝉花虫草Ophiocordyceps sobolifera代谢产物N6-（2-羟乙基）腺苷（HEA）作用于小菜蛾Plutella xylostella L.获得差异表达的片段,采用RT-PCR和RACE技术从小菜蛾中克隆全长1828 bp的小菜蛾腺苷受体（Plutella xylostella adenosine receptor,PxAdoR）基因,通过生物信息学软件预测和分析蛋白质结构,PxAdoR为分子量49.2 kD,没有信号肽,疏水性不稳定蛋白,具有7次跨膜螺旋结构的一类G蛋白偶联受体（G protein coupled receptor,GPCRs）。利用HEA及哺乳动物腺苷受体A2aR抑制剂SCH58261处理小菜蛾2龄幼虫,结果显示联合使用HEA和SCH58261后36~60 h,可使HEA引起的小菜蛾2龄幼虫的校正死亡率显著降低（42.7%~53.9%,P<0.05）;而联合用药后36、48、60 h小菜蛾2龄幼虫体重增长抑制率由43.3%、38.3%、46.2%显著降低（P<0.05）到13.2%、10.3%、8.6%。本研究表明SCH58261能显著降低HEA引起的小菜蛾2龄幼虫的死亡率和体重增长抑制率,HEA可能是通过PxAdoR而起作用,PxAdoR基因可以作为新的杀虫靶点用于害虫控制研究。     

Mode of action of the plant-derived silphinenes on insect and mammalian GABAA receptor/chloride channel complex

The silphinenes are tricyclic sesquiterpenes that have antifeedant and toxic effects in insects and structural similarity to the known GABA antagonist, picrotoxinin. In murine synaptoneurosomes, silphinenes block GABA-stimulated influx of ³⁶Cl⁻ with EC₅₀s in the range of 10-30 μM. In insects, silphinenes were tested in neurophysiological recordings of central neurons from third instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Silphinenes reversed the blockage of neuronal firing induced by GABA, but had little effect below 100 μM. The structure-activity profile observed in the murine chloride flux assay was also observed in the larval neurophysiological assay, indicating little selectivity for the silphinenes. A reference silphinene was equally active on nerve preparations from the rdl strain of D. melanogaster, which is resistant to channel-blocking antagonists via an altered GABA receptor. This latter finding suggests that silphinenes interact with the insect GABA receptor in a manner somewhat different from PTX, and that rdl resistance in the field may have little effect on silphinene efficacy.     

娄彻氏链霉菌XL-6的抑菌活性及对茄子幼苗的防病促生效应

本文研究了娄彻氏链霉菌Streptomyces rochei XL-6无菌发酵液在自然状态下的抑菌活性及对茄子幼苗的防病促生效果。结果表明,菌株XL-6发酵液的抑菌活性物质可耐70℃高温,在pH 5~8其抑菌活性保持稳定;该抑菌活性物质不受紫外线、蛋白酶K和胰蛋白酶的影响,在4℃条件下贮藏28 d仍可保持良好的抑菌活性。采用不同浓度的发酵液处理茄子幼苗均可提高茄苗对青枯病的抗性,其中,施用40倍发酵液显著降低茄子青枯病发病率和病情指数并显著提高PAL和PPO酶活性,对盆栽茄子的防治效果达64.78%。同时,40倍发酵液显著提高茄子种子发芽率、鲜重、叶绿素含量及根系活力,较病原菌菌体处理和无菌水处理,茄苗干重增幅分别达15.81%和27.95%,对茄苗的促生效果显著。说明适宜浓度的拮抗菌XL-6发酵液兼具防治茄子青枯病和促进植株生长的效果。     

拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的桃内生细菌的筛选鉴定

【目的】从对根癌病具有获得抗性(SAR)的桃单株"西北13-1"的枝条内分离鉴定内生细菌,分析其种群组成并从中筛选拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的高效生防菌,为桃根癌病的生物防治探索新方向并提供新的生防菌资源。【方法】首先,将根癌土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)接种到"西北13-1"的桃树枝条上,并以无菌水接种作为对照;然后,分别于接种前、接种后10 d和接种后60 d采集接种处理和对照处理的"西北13-1"枝条。表面消毒桃树枝条样品后采用涂布平板法分离内生细菌;并结合16S r DNA序列鉴定,比对初步鉴定菌株,分析内生细菌的数量及组成差异。采用平板拮抗法、温室防病效果测定筛选拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的活性菌株,通过生理生化测定和分子鉴定,明确其分类地位。为揭示拮抗菌可能具有的其他拮抗作用机制,通过电击转化将含有GFP基因的p BBR1MCS-2质粒导入拮抗菌株中,然后进行GFP标记菌株对根癌土壤杆菌的抑菌试验、生长动力学分析、稳定性测试。采用灌根法提前接种标记菌株菌悬液,第2天接种根癌土壤杆菌菌悬液,应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和平板稀释法研究标记菌株在番茄根部的定殖情况。【结果】从"西北13-1"桃枝条中共分离到108株内生细菌,基于16S r DNA序列,这些菌株分别属于伽马变形菌类(Gammaproteobacteria)、阿尔法变形菌类(Alpharoteobacteria)、放线菌类(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌类(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌(Bacteroidetes),共计5个细菌类群17个属,显示了桃树枝条中内生细菌丰富的种群多样性。其中,伽马变形菌类的肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)、泛菌属(Pantoea)和根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)最多,其数量在接种根癌土壤杆菌后显著上升,包含了14株产抑菌圈的拮抗菌中的10株细菌。经鉴定,筛选出的两株抑菌活性较高、具有生防潜力的拮抗菌10DM4-1和10DI2-2分别为泛菌(Pantoea deleyi)和肠杆菌(Enterobacter cowanii),它们可显著抑制向日葵根癌瘤的形成,防治效果分别为86.08%和89.87%。标记菌株10DM4-1-gfp和10DI2-2-gfp灌根番茄后,可在根部细胞间隙观察到目标菌落,标记菌株的数量在0—10 d时呈现急剧下降趋势,最后保持相对稳定的较低水平(104CFU/g),说明了它们在番茄根组织内具有良好的生存和定殖能力。【结论】桃"西北13-1"的内生菌中存在着能够拮抗根癌土壤杆菌的细菌,这些具有拮抗活性的菌株与桃"西北13-1"具有根癌病抗性有关。分离得到的泛菌10DM4-1和肠杆菌10DI2-2可能通过产拮抗物质、占据根部有利生态位拮抗根癌土壤杆菌。     

Cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine,with or without MK-467, following intravenous administration in cats

Objective

To characterize the cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine, with or without MK-467, following intravenous (IV) administration in cats.

拮抗性根瘤菌对大豆根部病原物的影响研究

 从大豆根瘤中分离到1株对大豆胞囊线虫和大豆根腐病菌有拮抗作用的根瘤菌菌株L396。根据16S rDNA序列同源性、形态学特征和生理生化反应,将该菌株鉴定为费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)。室内测定结果表明,细菌悬液处理胞囊7d,对胞囊孵化的相对抑制率达到82.96%;处理二龄幼虫96h,线虫的致死率达到66.7%;与茄腐镰刀菌对峙培养发现可以形成4mm的抑菌带,可以使腐霉菌发生溶菌现象;该菌株对病原真菌有较宽的抑菌谱,对其它作物病害的防治也具有潜在的应用价值。     

Pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics and clinical use of trazodone and its active metabolite m‐chlorophenylpiperazine in the horse

Trazodone is a serotonin receptor antagonist and reuptake inhibitor used extensively as an anxiolytic in human and small animal veterinary medicine. The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics of oral trazodone in experimental horses and to evaluate the effect of oral trazodone in clinical horses. Six experimental horses were administered trazodone at 7.5 or 10 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of trazodone and its metabolite (m‐CPP) were determined via UPLC‐MS/MS. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis, sedation and ataxia scores were determined. Trazodone was rapidly absorbed after oral administration with a maximum concentration of 2.5–4.1 μg/ml and half‐life of the terminal phase of approximately 7 hr. The metabolite was present at low levels in all horses, representing only 2.5% of the total area under the curve. In experimental horses, concentration‐dependent sedation and ataxia were noted, lasting up to 12 hr. For clinical cases, medical records of horses treated with trazodone for various abnormal behaviours were reviewed and data were summarized. Trazodone was successful in modifying behavioural problems to some degree in 17 of 18 clinical cases. Tolerance and subsequent lack of drug effect occurred in two of 18 clinical cases following 14 or 21 days of use. In both populations of horses, adverse effects attributed to trazodone include oversedation, muscle fasciculations and transient arrhythmias.