柑橘采后绿霉病生防酵母菌的筛选、鉴定及其生防效果研究

【目的】筛选能有效防治柑橘采后绿霉病菌(Penicillium digitatum)的拮抗酵母菌,为柑橘的采后保鲜提供参考。【方法】从园艺果园采集不同的水果样品,用稀释平板法分离筛选生防酵母菌株,并进行鉴定;采用PDB液体培养试验和刺伤接种的方法,研究不同浓度酵母菌悬浮液对离体和活体柑橘绿霉病菌的防治效果。【结果】获得1株拮抗酵母菌HP-10,结合生理生化特性及18S rDNA序列同源性分析,将其鉴定为马克斯克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces ma-rxianus)。离体和活体抑菌试验表明,菌株HP-10悬浮液能有效抑制绿霉病菌孢子的萌发;用108CFU/mL HP-10悬浮液处理病原菌孢子时,其萌发率仅为3.61%,而对照的萌发率为88.06%;25℃条件下,用108CFU/mL的酵母悬浮液处理柑橘果实2 d后,发病率仅为6.67%,病斑直径仅为2.14 mm,显著低于对照的发病率(93.33%)和病斑直径(53.31mm)。【结论】不同浓度HP-10菌悬液对柑橘绿霉病菌均具有一定的防治效果,表现出良好的生防潜力。     

苹果采后炭疽病高效拮抗菌的筛选与应用

利用低能氮离子对枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)进行注入诱变,获得诱变菌株.通过平板初筛,筛选出6株对苹果炭疽病菌有较高抑菌作用的菌株,经苹果果实活体测定从中筛选出对苹果炭疽病有较高拮抗作用的菌株BS 80-6和BS100-6.其中BS80-6在室温下的防治效果较好,14 d时的防效为33.28%,BS100-6在冷藏下的效果较好,14 d时的防效为100%.不同接种方式试验表明,拮抗菌对苹果炭疽病表现出较好的保护作用.     

肾上腺髓质素对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响

目的:观察肾上腺髓质素(ADM)对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(FBC)胶原合成的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:用差速贴壁分离法获得心肌成纤维细胞为材料,用放射免疫法测定细胞培养上清液中I及III型前胶原末端肽(PINP、PCIII)的含量。结果:①ADM呈浓度依赖性抑制FBC的PINP、PCIII分泌;②在AngII存在的情况下,PKA抑制剂能完全阻断ADM抑制细胞PINP、PCIII分泌的作用;③在基础状态和AngII刺激下,PKC及酪氨酸蛋白激酶抑制剂均能增强ADM作用。结论;①ADM能够抑制FBC胶原合成;②ADM抑制FBC胶原合成是通过PKA途径介导。     

Canine Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Part II: Pathophysiology and therapy

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs is characterized by ventricular and atrial enlargement, and systolic and diastolic dysfunction, with congestive heart failure (CHF) often developing at some stage. With greater understanding of the impact of neuroendocrine stimulation in heart disease, the understanding of the pathophysiology for CHF has changed considerably. It is no longer considered only to be a simple haemodynamic consequence of pump dysfunction, but is now characterized as a complex clinical syndrome with release of many neurohormones, which are believed to have impact on the progression of disease. This change in our understanding of the pathophysiology of CHF has important therapeutic implications. There are strong indications, although not yet proven, that drugs designed to influence the neuroendocrine activity, such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-receptors antagonists, are efficacious as adjunct therapy of heart failure attributable to DCM in dogs. The benefits of drugs designed to influence the myocardial contractile state (positive inotropes) have not been fully evaluated. However, evidence has emerged in recent years indicating that new types of positive inotropes may be beneficial in dogs with DCM. This review focuses on the neuroendocrine aspects of DCM and their possible therapeutic implications and the place for long-term inotropic support in dogs with DCM.     

不同优化处理对凤凰水蜜桃保鲜效果的对比研究

以江苏省张家港市凤凰镇的凤凰水蜜桃(Prunus persica)为试验材料,对比研究了姜(Zingiber officincde Roscoe)汁、冷激和罗伦隐球酵母(Cryptococcus laurentii)发酵液3种处理对桃果实保鲜效果的影响。试验采取直接浸果的方式,浸果时间和浸果液浓度由前两年的保鲜试验确定。果实处理后装入保鲜袋置于常温条件下(25℃),放置5d后测量其失重率等8种生理指标。通过多年多指标的综合比较表明:经过不同处理后的水蜜桃各种指标都优于对照组,说明以上3种处理方法均起到了保鲜的作用;罗伦隐球酵母发酵液浸果处理在降低细胞膜透性、MDA含量和抑制PPO活性方面均优于其他处理,姜汁浸果处理在保持果实质量、抑制腐烂指数和呼吸强度方面较优,冷激处理效果相对较差,但仍具有一定保鲜效果。综合考虑,罗伦隐球酵母菌液浸果处理由于其操作复杂性,更适宜工厂化推广使用;姜汁浸果处理操作方便、原料易得,适宜在无大规模工厂化生产条件的广大果农中推广使用。     

Balance of Treg/Th17 in synovium of collagen-induced arthritis rats and impact of TNF-α blockage therapy

AIM: To investigate the balance of Treg/Th17 in synovium of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and the impact of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) blockage therapy. METHODS: Rat CIA model was established by bovine II collagen injection. The pathological score was evaluated by HE staining and toluidine blue staining. The TNF-α level in plasma was measured by ELISA. The expression of Treg/Th17 in synovium was detected by double staining immunofluorescence. RESULTS: The plasma level of TNF-α in CIA group was significantly higher than that in control group and TNFR-Fc treatment group (P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found between TNFR-Fc treatment group and control group (P>0.05). No significant difference between CIA group and control group in the ratio of CD4⁺Foxp3⁺Treg cells/CD4⁺ cells in synovium (23.12%±4.93% vs 24.66%±5.82%, P>0.05) was observed, whereas the ratio in TNFR-Fc treatment group was significantly increased(33.07%±5.14%). The ratio of CD4⁺RORγt⁺Th17 cells/CD4⁺ cells in CIA group was significantly higher than that in control group and TNFR-Fc treatment group (9.74%±2.23% vs 1.00%±0.59%, 5.63%±1.76%, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Differentiation disturbance of Treg/Th17 exists in the synovium of CIA rats. TNFR-Fc may restore the balance of Treg/Th17 by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and inducing the production or accumulation of Treg.     

Involvement of ATP‐sensitive K+ channels in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by ketamine

ObjectiveTo investigate the contribution of K⁺ channels on peripheral antinociception induced by ketamine.Study designProspective experimental study.Animals110 male Wistar rats weighing 160–200 g.MethodsThe paw pressure required to elicit limb flexion was designated as the nociceptive threshold. Hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E₂. All drugs were administered locally into the right hind paw of rats. Ketamine was administered into the right hind paw 2 hours and 55 minutes after local injection of PGE₂. Tetraethylammonium was administered 30 minutes prior to ketamine and the other K⁺ channel blockers, glibenclamide, dequalinium and paxilline, were administered 5 minutes prior to ketamine.ResultsProstaglandin E₂ (2 μg per paw) induced hyperalgesia. Ketamine (10, 20, 40 and 80 μg per paw) elicited a local peripheral antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by a specific blocker of ATP‐sensitive K⁺ channels, glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80 μg per paw). In another experiment, the non‐selective voltage‐dependent K⁺ channel blocker tetraethylammonium (30 μg per paw) and small and large conductance blockers of Ca²⁺‐activated K⁺ channels, dequalinium (50 μg per paw) and paxilline (20 μg per paw), were ineffective at blocking the effect of a local ketamine injection.Conclusions and clinical relevanceAnalysis of these results provides evidence that ketamine, may in part, induce peripheral antinociceptive effects by ATP‐sensitive K⁺ channel pathway activation.     

Dopamine Antagonist Affects Luteal Function But Not Cyclicity During the Autumn Transition

The autumn transition is characterized by a number of anomalies affecting the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, such as declining progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum and increased rate of failure of luteolysis. Prolactin also decreases. We theorized that these events may be linked, possibly through dopamine. We administered domperidone, a specific dopamine D2 receptor antagonist from September 12 to anestrus or January 15, either daily (n = 8), or once per day for the first 7 days of each month (n = 7). Controls (n = 7) received no treatment. Mean progesterone and prolactin concentrations were compared with summer cycles. Time to entry into anestrus and incidence of spontaneously prolonged luteal activity was compared between groups during the autumn transition. Prolactin declined from June through October equally in all groups. There was no difference between groups in time to anestrus. Progesterone decline was prevented (daily treatment) or delayed for a prolonged period (weekly group) in autumn. The incidence of spontaneously prolonged corpus luteum activity was reduced to summer levels in both domperidone groups compared with the control. We concluded that autumn prolactin decline was not driven through dopaminergic D2 receptor inhibition of pituitary lactotrophs. Sustained progesterone synthesis through the autumn may be the result of action of the D2 receptor antagonist with dopamine receptors on the corpus luteum. Autumnal luteolytic function appears to have a dopamine-influenced component. There does not appear to be a causative relationship between autumnal progesterone and prolactin secretion.     

Effect of dexmedetomidine and xylazine followed by MK-467 on gastrointestinal microperfusion in anaesthetized horses

Objective

To compare the effects of MK-467 during isoflurane anaesthesia combined with xylazine or dexmedetomidine on global and gastrointestinal perfusion parameters.