不同生态条件下小麦子粒中戊聚糖含量的研究

采用统一供种，统一试验方案，对河南省有代表性的生态地点的8个小麦品种的戊聚糖含量、蛋白质含量，吉粒重和产量进行了分析，初步认为生态因素是影响小麦子粒戊聚糖含量，蛋白质含是，千粒重和产量的重要因素，品种遗传因素对小麦品种的影响有着不可忽视的作用。综合戊聚糖含量、蛋白质含量产量来看，以豫麦34号为最好。     

日本小麦精选系统中粒径分选机的精选效果

日本现行小麦精选系统的精选效果 ,因收获期小麦受雨害的程度而异。针对精选系统中粒径分选机的适用性 ,连续 3年在收获期小麦遭受雨害程度不同的情况下 ,对小麦内部品质与粒径的变化关系进行研究分析。明确了粒径分选机的适用与否 ,取决于收获期小麦的受雨害程度     

Changes in the glutathione thiol-disulfide status in wheat grain by foliar sulphur fertilization: consequences for the rheological properties of dough

Storage proteins and glutathione in wheat play an important role in gluten network formation and can be modified by supplementation of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) in wheat plants. The glutathione thiol-disulfide status and its relationship to the molecular weight distribution wheat polymeric protein and dough rheological properties have been examined after different foliar S fertilizations (S derived from micronized elemental S and NS, a mixture of N urea and elemental S) applied at the post-anthesis stage. Changes in levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), polymeric protein-glutathione mixed disulfide (PPSSG) were analysed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, during grain development using the wheat cultivars, Soissons and Trémie. During the grain desiccation phase, S supplementation (i) increased the GSSG/GSH ratio by 23–25% (ii) induced PPSSG accumulation, and (iii) decreased the formation of SDS-unextractable polymeric protein (UPP) and its molecular mass distribution. However, simultaneous N and S supplementation results in: (i) a decrease in PPSSG formation by 20–30% and (ii) an increase of UPP by 7–18% by enhancing both the branching of the aggregated proteins and their molecular weight. The mixograph parameters show that all forms of endogenous glutathione are linked to dough weakening and are negatively correlated with dough mixing tolerance, dough strength and consistency, while UPP is positively correlated with dough strength and consistency. These findings indicate that S nutrition influences dynamics of the glutathione forms in the grain and results in modification the degree of polymerization of storage protein. Thus both the changes in the form of glutathione and protein polymerization influence the rheological properties of dough.     

樟子松松针锈病病原菌的鉴定

1989年在黑龙江省阿城市料甸林场,用樟子松(Pinus sylvestrisvar. mongolica Litv.)松针上的春孢子向健康的黄药(Phelledendron amurenseRupr.)和紫花铁线莲(Clematis fusca var. violacea Maxim)叶片人工接种成功。用人工接种所产生的夏孢子向相同寄主植物接种后,再次发病并产生夏孢子。由此证明阿城市料甸林场樟子松松针锈病菌(Cleosporium clematidis Barcl.)的转主寄主为紫花铁线莲和黄药,病原菌种应为铁线莲鞘锈菌(Coleosporium clema(?)idis Barcl.)。     

微生物诱导剂浸种对小麦萌发期的抗旱诱导效果

试验结果表明,在正常供水和水分胁迫条件下,经微生物诱导剂处理,可增加小麦萌发时期的根冠比,而且在水分胁迫条件下的增加幅度大于正常供水条件。微生物诱导剂可在水分胁迫条件下促进根系生长发育,提高根系干物质积累。这些性状的改善有利于提高小麦的抗旱能力。但诱导剂处理后在一定程度上抑制了小麦种子萌发率以及小麦芽和根的伸长生长。     

小麦矮秆育种中性状间关系的多元分析

以7个株高梯度系列的35个系统及5个亲本品种为材料,采用典范分析和逐步回归分析研究了株高及其构成因子与产量因子、产量生理性状间的关系。结果表明:①株高因子通过产量生理性状影响产量因子,一定的生物学产量是获得高产的基础。②矮秆品种的高化对提高产量、千粒重和收获指数有利,对蛋白质含量的影响不明显;高秆品种矮化能显著提高收获指数,对籽粒的蛋白质含量影响不大。③在主要性状符合育种目标的前提下,选择倒二节间较长、第一和第二叶间距略长、穗颈和穗部较长的类型可能对提高产量有利。     

玉树高寒草地黄花棘豆的锈病调查

黄花棘豆(Oxytropis ochrocephala Bge.)是一种多年生毒草,青海省棘豆发生面积128.9×104hm2,危害面积94.96×104hm2,为主要危害种,占毒草危害面积的51.3%,黄花棘豆锈病对进行生物防治有着积极作用。     

小麦远缘杂交后代节燕98-2分离类型贮藏蛋白的研究

采用A-PAGE和SDS-PAGE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对远缘组合分离出来的节燕98-2类型入选11个遗传性基本稳定的具有高产、多抗的小麦株系的醇溶蛋白和高分子量谷蛋白亚基进行了分析.结果表明,在A-PAGE电泳分析中,11个供试株系具有11种不同的醇溶蛋白带型.在SDS-FAGE电泳分析中,出现了7种不同的高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)及6种亚基组合类型,优质亚基及亚基组合所占的比例较少,品质评分偏低,其变幅为5～8分,平均为6.36分.但在所分析的材料中,出现了一个少见的特殊亚基:2 10 12.并研究了这些HMW-GS和组合频率及特点.11个株系中7个具有45 10优质亚基和2个具有2*亚基,它们可供小麦优质育种利用.研究表明,通过远缘杂交能够选育出具有高产、抗病和优质的小麦新材料.     

Resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. II. Crosses with resistant Triticum dicoccoides sel. G-25

A comparison was made between the genes in 29 new selections of wild emmer wheat resistant to yellow rust over wide geographic areas and the previously extensively studied selectionTriticum dicoccoides G-25. In 23 selections the resistance may be conferred by 1 dominant gene; these include 11 selections in which the gene is different from the dominant gene in sel. G-25 and two others in which the genes were closely linked or allelic to the gene in G-25, differing from sel. G-25 by race-specificity. Two dominant genes different from the gene in sel. G-25, seem to be present in one selection. In five selections the resistance may be conferred by one or two recessive genes, including three instances in which the recessive gene was associated with a dominat gene. Our findings show that at least 19 out of the 29 selections studied possess genes which are different from the gene inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25.Samenvatting In dit onderzoek werden 29 nieuwe resistente wilde-emmer selecties (Triticum dicoccoides) gekruist met de reeds uitvoerig bestudeerde resistente selectie G-25, om na te gaan of de resistentie van de nieuwe selecties wordt veroorzaakt door genen op dezelfde locus als het dominante gen in sel. G-25 of dat er andere loci bij zijn betrokken. De ouders, de F₁-en F₂-populaties van een bepaalade selectie werden in het kiemplantstadium getoetst met één Israëlisch gele-roest isolaat van fysio 2E0 of van fysio 2E18. In de uitsplitsende F₂-populaties werden de niet-sporulerende planten als resistent beschouwd en de sporulerende als vatbaar.In de F₂-populaties van 12 herkomsten werden geen vatbare planten gevonden, hetgeen er op duidt dat de resistentie wordt veroorzaakt door een gen op dezelfde locus als het gen in G-25 of door een gen dat neuw gekoppeld is aan het gen in G-25. Voor twee van deze herkomsten kan op basis van een fysio-specifieke interactie worden vastgesteld dat de resistentie berust op allelen die verschillen van het allel in sel. G-25. In 11 herkomsten werd een uitsplitsing voor twee dominante gene gevonden (RS=151), waarbij het tweede dominante gen uit de getoetste nieuwe selectie afkomstig is. De aanwezigheid van twee dominante genen verschillend van het gen in sel. G-25 werd gevonden in één herkomst (631). In de overige vijf selecties bleek de resistentie te worden veroorzaakt door één of twee recessieve genen waarnaast in drie gevallen ook nog een dominant gen werd gevonden.De resultaten tonen aan dat tenminste 19 van de 29 bestudeerde selecties resistentiegenen bezitten die verschillen van het gen inT. dicoccoides sel. G-25. Slechts in twee van deze selecties kan het gen allel zijn met het gen in sel. G-25.     

Genetic analyses of resistance of the wheat differential cultivars Carstens V and Spaldings Prolific to two races of Puccinia striiformis

Genetic analysis of resistance of wheat seedlings to two races of Puccinia striiformis was conducted on F₁, F₂ and F₃ generations from crosses Carstens V (CV) × Lee, Spaldings Prolific (SPA) × Lee and CV × SPA. F₂ generations from crosses of CV and SPA with Strubes Dickkopf (SD) were also studied. The plants were classified into six resistance classes and analysed by factorial correspondence analysis and nonhierarchical classification. The two P. striiformis isolates tested were a French isolate of race 43E138 and a Lebanese isolate of race 2E16, selected for the differences in their virulence spectra for the common differential cultivars Strubes Dickkopf and Nord Desprez. Resistance of CV and SPA was recessive and dominant to races 43E138 and 2E16, respectively. CV possessed three or four resistance genes, one of them being expressed with both races. Two genes of CV had a cumulative effect for resistance to 43E138 and two or three gave dominant resistance to 2E16. SPA had three resistance genes, all of which gave resistance to 2E16 and two of which also gave resistance to 43E138. SPA had one gene in common with CV for resistance to both races. Furthermore, the gene for resistance to race 2E16 in CV and SPA was allelic with a gene in SD, and was probably Yr25 .