甜高粱茎秆含糖量遗传研究进展

甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)是普通粒用高粱的一个变种。与粒用高粱相比,甜高粱育种研究进展相对缓慢,特别是茎秆含糖量高的亲本系创造比较滞后。开展甜高粱茎秆含糖量的遗传研究,对甜高粱亲本系选育及杂交种组配具有重要意义。本文从茎秆含糖量的评价指标入手,分别对茎秆含糖量的遗传与子粒产量及其他性状的关系、基因定位等方面的相关研究结果进行了系统地概括和归纳,并分析了当前茎秆含糖量研究的热点和亟待解决的问题。     

Plant based indicators for irrigation scheduling in young cherry trees

Using a correlation between trunk diameter fluctuation (TDF) and stem water potential (SWP) it appears possible to determine water deficit threshold values (WDTV) for young cherry trees. This correlation must be based on a significant effect between SWP and at least one variable associated with the vegetative or reproductive growth of the trees. The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine the effect of several irrigation treatments on vegetative and reproductive growth and the SWP of young cherry trees; (2) to determine the correlation between TDF and SWP, and; (3) to propose a first approximation of SWP and TDF water deficit threshold values for young cherry tree plants. The experiment was carried out between September and April of the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons, in Quillota, in the Valparaiso region, central Chile. The irrigation treatments consisted of applications of 50% (T₅₀), 100% (T₁₀₀) and 150% (T₁₅₀) of potential evapotranspiration (ET₀) over the two growing seasons, using a randomized complete block design (RCB). The effect of irrigation scheduling was observed on: apical shoot growth rate (GR_AS), branch cross-sectional area (BCSA), canopy volume (CV), annual length of accumulated growth (AL_AG) and productivity. This effect showed that the T₅₀ treatment caused lower SWP (measured pre-dawn), vegetative growth and productivity. The fruit quality variables (cracking and size) were not affected by the different treatments. Combining the vegetative growth, productivity and SWP results shows that the water deficit threshold value, as a first approximation, is between 50% and 100% of ET₀, and therefore the critical SWP for defining irrigation frequency should be close to −0.5 MPa. Upon applying a post-harvest drought period (14 days without irrigation), a linear correlation was determined both between SWP and maximum daily trunk shrinkage, MDS (R² = 0.69) and between SWP and trunk growth rate, TGR (R² = 0.57). Using these correlations and the SWP reference value, reference values were obtained for MDS (165 μm) and TGR (83 μm day⁻¹), which would permit automated control of water status in young cherry trees.     

龙薯1号脱毒甘薯种苗繁育体系与综合配套高产栽培技术研究

为了充分发挥甘薯新品种龙薯一号的优良种性,加快新品种的推广步伐,通过建立脱毒繁育技术体系及综合配套高产栽培技术等措施,可较大幅度提高产量及改善品质,2001年至今在南方薯区试种、示范15.85hm2,社会经济效益显著。     

传统杂交方法在龙岩甘薯系列品种选育中的应用

充分利用保存的甘薯种质资源,根据育种目标注重亲本组合的选配,在传统杂交育种中,采用一代甘薯以薯块产量异常突出者选留,二代开始强调品系比较,高世代高指标结合定留,综合性状好者才推荐参加区试的育种方法和思路,“九五”至今选育出了一批产量高、品质优、抗性好的龙岩甘薯系列新品种。     

甜玉米自交系作测验种数目的研究

选用 9个普甜玉米 (ZeamaysL saccharataSturt)自交系作测验种 ,用新选育的 10个普甜玉米自交系作待测系 ,采用NCⅡ交配设计和相关分析的方法 ,对待测系的配合力测定中测验种最少数目进行研究。结果表明 :若对测验种加以筛选 ,被筛选出的测验种只用其中一个 ,就能较准确地测定待测系的产量一般配合力 (GCA) ;若对测验种不加筛选 ,则能够准确地测定待测系产量GCA的最少测验种数目为 3个。对 8个农艺性状进行测验种测定效果评价时 ,株高、生育期、穗重、穗长、穗粗、行粒数及千粒重对测验种的选择不太严格 ;而秃尖长对测验种的选择严格     

加工型甘薯良种龙岩7-3的选育及其加工利用

龙岩7—3自育成以来，至今还在全国各地大面积推广应用，表现出高产、稳产、适应性广和商品性好等特点。该品种在福建连城县甘薯种植1万多公顷中占80％，是龙岩连城县地瓜干最主要的原材料来源。文中介绍了其选育、特征特性及加工利用。     

甘薯品种资源冬季盆栽保存技术研究

简要概述了我国甘薯品种资源研究的历史和保存现状,剖析了目前田间常规薯块保存和试管苗离体保存的缺陷.甘薯品种资源冬季智能温室盆栽保存是田间常规薯块保存和试管苗离体保存的重要补充,是我国北方甘薯资源保存新技术、新方法的探讨.经过3a来甘薯品种资源冬季盆栽保存技术初步研究与应用,结果显示,品种资源死苗少种的趋势降低,提高了甘薯品种资源保存的完整性,由原来全圃每年缺种损失1.1%～1.7%下降到0.3%～0.5%.     

甘薯优化施肥方案及函数模型建立

采用三因素二次正交旋转组合设计对氮、磷、钾肥的用量进行了定量研究。建立了甘薯产量函数模型，明确了模型因素效应顺序（氮>磷>钾）及最佳经济效益产量综合农艺措施，N为72.735 kg/hm2,，P2O5为96.915 kg/hm2 ，K2O为127.995 kg/hm2。     

甘薯可溶性蛋白、叶绿素及ATP含量变化与品种抗旱性关系的研究

 对水分胁迫下甘薯叶片部分物质和能量代谢指标的研究结果表明 ,水分胁迫下叶片中可溶性蛋白含量明显增加 ;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b比值与对照相比均有所下降 ;ATP含量有增有减 ,但品种抗旱性愈强 ,ATP含量愈高。叶片中可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素a/b比值、ATP含量占对照百分率与品种抗旱性间的相关系数r分别为 0 .896 8、- 0 .85 0 9和 0 .82 0 0 ,P <0 .0 1。因此 ,这些指标可用于甘薯不同品种抗旱性的评定     

离子束诱变技术及其在甜高粱能源开发中的应用

利用离子束诱变技术进行甜高粱品种和酵母菌种的选育,旨在甜高粱燃料乙醇产业化的有效开发。对离子束诱变技术的原理及其在植物、微生物诱变育种方面的应用进展进行了简要概述,并对中科院近代物理研究所在甜高粱燃料乙醇产业化研发中对重离子诱变育种的初步应用进行介绍和展望。