朱砂根愈伤组织中岩白菜素提取工艺优化

在单因素试验（提取溶剂及提取溶剂浓度、提取时间、提取温度、提取功率、料液比和提取次数）的基础上选取提取温度、提取时间、料液比这3个因素进行二次回归正交组合设计试验（响应面分析法）,利用响应面法对朱砂根愈伤组织中岩白菜素提取工艺参数进行优化研究。结果表明：当提取时间为49.74 min,提取温度为80.08 ℃,料液比为1 ∶ 10.00时,岩白菜素的浓度达到最大为81.34 μg/mL。     

直立冬青愈伤组织诱导及其分化研究

冬青属植物种子由于坚硬的种皮和未成熟合子胚的双重休眠,具有隔年发芽的特性,为了克服远缘杂交不亲和性,获得远缘杂交品种,打破种子休眠,缩短其育种周期,采用组织培养技术进行直立冬青种苗的快速繁殖。为了建立直立冬青愈伤组织诱导及分化体系,以直立冬青幼胚为外植体材料,采用单因素试验,通过对愈伤组织诱导培养基、不同植物生长调节剂种类及质量浓度、不同采种时间,研究影响直立冬青愈伤组织诱导和分化的条件因素。结果表明:1)基本培养基并不影响直立冬青未成熟合子胚的愈伤组织诱导,而果实的采种时间以及植物生长调节剂对直立冬青未成熟合子胚愈伤组织的诱导起着重要作用;2)当在基本诱导培养基1/4 MS+3%蔗糖+0.65%琼脂上添加生长素2,4-D 0.5～2.0 mg/L或者NAA 1.0 mg/L和2.0 mg/L时,最有利于未成熟合子胚愈伤组织的诱导,而细胞分裂素单独使用时,对未成熟合子胚愈伤组织的诱导不能起到积极作用;3)在培养基为1/4MS+3%蔗糖+0.65%琼脂+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D上时未成熟合子胚的分化率最高,达70.37%;在添加2.0 mg/L ZT的培养基上,其分化率最高,达到58.15%。     

Resistance to broomrape in wild lentils (Lens spp.)

Orobanche crenata , Orobanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche foetida constitute serious threats to grain legumes in the Mediterranean Basin. Lentil can be severely infected by O. crenata . It can also be damaged although with less virulence by O. aegyptiaca , and can only be slightly infected by O. foetida . Resistance breeding is hampered by scarcity of proper sources of resistance in cultivated lentil and of a reliable and practical screening procedure. A germplasm collection of 23 wild Lens spp. accessions was screened for resistance to O. crenata under field conditions. A wide range of responses was observed, from complete resistance to susceptibility. The higher levels of resistance were observed in accessions of Lens ervoides , Lens odemensis and Lens orientalis . Resistance of selected accessions proved to be mainly because of early hampered tubercle formation, with no observed necrosis of established tubercles. No differences were observed in levels of induction of broomrape germination, but necrosis of broomrape radicles was significant in some cases, particularly in the L. odemensis–O. foetida interaction. Escape because of the reduced root biomass diminishing the chance of contact between host and parasite was also observed in L. odemensis .     

朱砂根的药用价值与观赏价值

综述了朱砂根(Ardisia crenataS im s.)的资源分布及其药用与观赏价值的研究进展。     

高粱酒糟对烟草向日葵列当的防治效果及对烟草生长和品质的影响

目的 明确高粱酒糟对烟草向日葵列当Orbanche cumana的防治效果及对烟草生长和品质的影响。方法 通过田间小区试验,研究施用不同剂量的酒糟处理土壤对烟草向日葵列当的防治效果及对烟草生长、产量和品质的影响。结果 在各施用剂量下,土壤施用酒糟对烟草向日葵列当有较好的防治效果,2018年各处理平均株防效和平均鲜质量防效分别为62.73%~74.16%和42.70%~66.03%,2019年平均株防效和平均鲜质量防效分别为57.10%~64.17%和53.23%~80.56%;各施用剂量下烟草长势较好,各项生长指标均明显高于对照;施用酒糟后烟草产量明显提高,2018、2019年烟叶鲜质量分别比对照提高17.76%~24.22%和6.63%~15.71%,烟叶干质量分别提高6.70%~11.63%和15.39%~20.17%,中上等烟叶比例分别提高7.35%和3.90%。结论 高粱酒糟可用于烟草田间防治向日葵列当,在烟苗移栽前均匀撒施并与20 cm深土壤混匀后起垄,施用剂量为1~2 kg/m²。     

日本栗叶片矿质营养元素含量年动态变化的研究

2005~2006年连续2 a对日本栗（Castanea crenata）叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg矿质营养元索含量及其年周期变化进行了研究。结果表明:日本栗叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素的含量在年周期内呈规律性变化,且各元素间存在一定相关性;不同树龄日本栗叶片N、P、K、Mg元素含量差异极显著;利用叶分析指导施肥时,采取叶样的时期应在生长季前期,即叶片速生期;生长季前期叶片内N、P、K含量与当年结苞数存在极显著正相关,但并不是决定当年结苞数的唯一影响因素。西北林学院学报23卷第4期郑瑞杰等日本栗叶片矿质营养元素含量年动态变化的研究     

Reproductive behaviour and broomrape resistance in interspecific hybrids of sunflower

Interspecific hybrids and backcross generations between the wild perennial species Helianthus resinosus, Helianthus paucifiorus, Helianthus laevigatus, Helianthus nuttallii ssp. nuttallii T. & G. and Helianthus giganteus, resistant to broomrape (Orobanche cernua) and susceptible inbred lines were obtained to study crossability to cultivated sunflower and the transmission and expression of resistance to this parasitic weed. Conventional crosses with all the species tested were successful except for the crosses with diploid H. giganteus, for which embryo rescue techniques were needed to overcome hybrid incompatibility. Pollen viability and seed set were highest for F₁ hybrids with hexaploid species and lowest for those with the diploid H. giganteus. We evaluated F₁, BC₁F₁, some BC₂F₁ plants and the wild and cultivated parents. The wild species and interspecific hybrids were resistant to broomrape infection except for H. nuttallii, which showed segregation, indicating that the resistance is dominant. The crossability and resistance of F₁, and back-cross generations of species with different ploidy levels indicate that the transfer of broomrape resistance to cultivated sunflower is feasible.     

新疆列当种类、危害与防治现状

列当是一种根部全寄生恶性杂草,影响作物生长,对农业生产造成了巨大破坏。目前,列当防治措施主要包括轮作、种植诱捕作物、化学防治等,但尚无适用于大部分地区及作物的有效防治措施。本文综述了新疆列当种类、寄生特点、危害和目前采取的防治措施,并对列当的萌发刺激物、防治机理和化学除草剂在大田应用提出展望,以期为新疆相关防治工作提供参考。     

烟草及向日葵上列当Orobanche cumana的发生及其生物防治

 近年,在河北省部分烟草和向日葵种植地发现大量寄生性杂草列当发生并造成严重为害。经鉴定为向日葵列当Orobanche cumana Wallr.。向日葵、烟草、番茄和黄瓜等作物的根分泌物能够刺激向日葵列当O. cumana种子萌发,而油葵根的分泌物则不能刺激向日葵列当种子萌发。利用列当致病镰刀菌L2菌株进行田间生物防治,防治效果达到92.4%。L2菌株对小麦、玉米、棉花、烟草和向日葵等作物生长无影响,L2菌株粗毒素能够抑制列当种子萌发,并造成列当种子萌芽管损伤。