木质纤维素的降解和五种酶的活性对香菇子实体形成的影响

本文从生化角度研究了F型(形成子实体)和N型(不形成子实体)两类香菇菌株在生长发育过程中生化代谢活动上的差异。结果表明,在香菇的整个生长过程中,F型菌株的纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、漆酶、酸性蛋白酶和果胶酶的活性均高于N型菌株,尤其在形成子实体的第二和第三阶段,纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和酸性蛋白酶的活性均呈较大幅度的增加,这种趋势与胞外可溶性蛋白含量的增幅是一致的,同时F型菌株对培养基中木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的降解能力也高于N型菌株,说明在形成子实体的过程中,F型菌株具有比N型菌株相对更强的生化代谢能力;各种与物质降解有关酶的代谢活动在某些环节上受阻或不能有效地表达是N型菌株不能形成子实体的一个重要生理原因。     

水分对硝酸磷肥中氮的扩散及其肥效的影响

国产硝酸磷肥含氮27%,磷13.5%。所含速效氮中硝态氮均占一半。研究麦田不同水分对硝酸磷肥中硝态氮在土壤中扩散结果显示,硝态氮在土壤中下移深度与土壤湿润峰的深度基本一致,在小麦越冬期有表聚现象。当灌水量为田间持水量时,硝态氮移动深度为40～50cm,是在主要根系活动层内,这对小麦吸收有利,不会产生氮的流失。等氮磷条件下,硝酸磷肥与磷铵加尿素在北方地区有同样肥效。     

夏大豆亩产262.1kg生理指标研究

研究了夏大豆中油－８９Ｄ亩产２６２．１ｋｇ各项生理指标：叶面积系数，开花期、结荚期、鼓粒期分别为３．９８、５．８０、４．９１；总光合势１８．２万ｍ＾２·日，平均净光合生产率４．８１ｇ／ｍ＾２·日，氮磷总积累量分别为２２．２８ｋｇ和３．１３ｋｇ，每生产１００ｋｇ籽粒需吸收氮８．５０ｋｇ，磷１．１９ｋｇ，总干物质积累８７６．４７ｋｇ，粒茎比０．５１，经济系数０．３０。     

Analysis of Growth and Productivity of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) in Relation to FYM, Nitrogen and Source of Fertilizer

A field experiment was conducted during the winter seasons of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Anand to study the effect of FYM, nitrogen and source of fertilizer on growth and yield of mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj & Cosson]. The results showed significant variation in leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), dry matter production and seed yield. The direct effect of farmyard manure (FYM) was conspicuous in improving the growth of mustard. FYM application at 10 tonnes ha⁻¹ significantly increased the LAI, CGR and dry matter accumulation per plant at almost all the stages during first year study (1992–93) and in pooled analysis. Similarly, nitrogen application registered maximum LAI, CGR at 75 kg level and RGR and NAR at 50 kg level at almost all the during both years. Sulphur carrying source (Ammonium sulphate plus single super phosphate) increased all stages growth characters. Maximum dry matter accumulation per plant and seed yield were recorded with highest levels of FYM (20 tonnes ha⁻¹), N (75 kg ha⁻¹) and source having S. Seed yield was strongly associated with LAI and dry matter accumulation per plant at all the stages.     

氮肥对红三叶和鸭茅草地生产性能影响的研究

本文对红三叶和鸭茅单、混播草地对施氮肥的反应情况进行了研究，发现氮肥对鸭茅的株高、分蘖及产草量具明显的促进作用，而红三叶对氮肥的反应则不十分明显。同时施肥后，单播处理牧草的产量增幅比混播处理大。试验结果还表明，鸭茅和红三叶产量与施氮肥量均呈指数关系。通过对单播鸭茅和混播草地总产对氮肥的反应规律进行分析，可以把混播草地对氮肥的利用情况及氮肥对该草地中红三叶固氮作用影响的变化规律分为３类：第１类为混播草地投入最低氮肥量，草地生产力较低，此时红三叶能提供较高氮素价值量；第２类，混播草地投入中等氮肥量，草地生产力中等，但红三叶提供氮素的价值量减小；第３类，投入较高氮肥量，但红三叶失去提供氮素价值。本试验显示，从经济效益角度考虑，对混播草地以少施氮肥为好，特别是在０～０．３ｔ／ｈａ范围内较为适宜。     

浙农大A系意蜂生产性能考察试验报告

用杂交一代蜂群进行对比试验的结果表明,浙农大 A 系意蜂的产育力、群势增长速度、采蜜量等,与平湖意蜂和澳大利亚意蜂无显著差异或基本一致,但蜂王浆高产性能表现突出,产量比平湖意蜂高19.5%,比澳意高42.5%,而且质量指标符合国家规定和出口标准。     

Effect of Integration of Fertilizer and Green Manure Nitrogen on Yield Attributes, Nitrogen Uptake and Yield of Lowland Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Field experiments were conducted at Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, India, during the wet seasons of 1992 and 1993 to study the effect of full and partial substitution of fertiliser N with green manure N (Sesbania rostrata) on nitrogen uptake, yield attributes and yield of rice. The experiment consisted of eight treatments with two levels of N (100 and 200 kg ha⁻¹) and three sources of N application viz., fertilizer, integrated (1:1 fertilizer and green manure N) and green manure N compared to the recommended practice (150 kg fertilizer plus 6.25 t ha⁻¹ (72 kg N) green manure) and a no N control. Nitrogen application markedly increased the N uptake. Combined use of the two N sources at 200 and 222 kg N ha⁻¹ and of single fertilizer N at 200 kg N ha⁻¹ recorded the maximum N uptake, increased the yield attributes such as number of panicles per unit area, weight per panicle, number of total and filled grains per panicle and test weight. At 200 kg N ha⁻¹ full substitution of N by green manure reduced the grain yield but only partial substitution of N by green manure resulted in almost similar yield as single fertilizer N. Thus 200 kg N ha⁻¹ applied in equal proportions of fertilizer and green manure N can be recommended for medium duration rice cultivars.     

禽白血病病毒J亚群(ALV-J)的攻毒试验

将禽白血病病毒 J亚群 (AL V- J)内蒙株 NM876 1和 NM9996人工接种于 1日龄爱维茵肉种鸡 ,通过眼观、病理组织学检查观察了攻毒鸡的病理学特征 ;通过 PCR和 EL ISA技术检测了病毒感染率、抗体变化规律以及病毒和抗体的相关性。结果显示 ,攻毒鸡从第 3周开始即可检出病毒 ,NM876 1株和 NM9996株病毒感染率分别为 71.4 %和6 4 .3% ;从第 5周开始 ,出现较明显的病理学变化 ,病变特征以骨髓、肝脏、心脏、脾、卵巢等组织内髓细胞增生为主 ,而法氏囊、脑、坐骨神经无变化 ;攻毒鸡抗体消长变化有一定的规律 ,一般在 7～ 8周龄和 18～ 2 0周龄时分别出现 1次高峰 ,而在 4～ 6周龄、10周龄和 2 3周龄分别出现 1次低谷 ,提示鸡场进行 EL ISA检测时要避开这一时期 ;攻毒鸡产生耐受性病毒血症 ,即病毒阳性而抗体阴性 (V A- )的比例较高 (7/14 ,9/14 )。通过以上的研究证明 ,AL V- J内蒙株疾病模型复制成功 ,NM876 1、NM9996可作为原型株进行相关研究     

柠檬桉,蚬木硝酸还原酶活力的比较

柠檬桉9年生单株的材积是蚬木的32.1倍。经不同浓度KNO_3、不同光照强度诱导后,柠檬桉不同叶龄叶的NR(硝酸还原酶)活力均明显高于蚬木。柠檬桉成年树中龄叶片NR活力提高的速度在4h内比蚬木的快2.3倍,而蚬木的NR活力衰减速率在4h内比柠檬桉的快35％。在不同浓度KNO_3溶液中,柠檬桉幼苗吸收NO_3~-量是蚬木的3～10倍,柠檬桉幼苗NO_3~-溢泌量是蚬木的3倍左右。     

地被石竹嫩枝扦插快速生根的研究

地被石竹嫩枝扦插快速生根的研究表明:选用成熟度较高的地被石竹带顶芽茎段浸醮200mg/LIBA+5mg/L间苯三酚溶液后,扦插于蛭石:河沙为2∶1的基质上,在地温20℃、气温25℃、相对湿度90%的条件下培养,6d后形成完整的根,生根成活率可达93.8%,培育60d后可用于建植观赏草坪。