苌楚鸠蝠蛾的生物学特性及防治研究

苌楚鸠蝠蛾Ｐｈａｓｓｕｓ ａｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅ Ｙａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗａｎｇ是福建近年来严重为害猕猴的一种新的蛀干害虫。我们于１９８４－１９８９年在建宁县猕猴桃试验站进行研究。该虫一年一代，以卵在树兜的地面越冬，幼虫为害猕猴桃植株韧皮部和髓部，外部形成虫屑包，内部形成蛀道，阻滞养分和水分的正常输送，轻者枝叶发黄，重者风折枯死。除选用抗虫品种外，采用２．５％溴氰菊脂１∶５０００液灌注；９０％敌百虫晶体１     

Can Batesian mimicry help plants to deter herbivores?

Several authors have suggested that edible plants could avoid herbivory by mimicking olfactory cues of toxic plants. However, very few studies have been carried out to test this hypothesis. The aims of the present study were to identify the volatiles of three clover species and to test whether a species lacking chemical defences, such as red clover, could avoid being grazed by rabbits by mimicking the volatiles of the cyanogenic white clover. Two main volatiles were identified in all three clover species, and a further two volatiles were present in white clover only. Rabbits presented with a choice between white clover, red clover and red clover sprayed with white clover extract ate significantly more red clover than white or white-flavoured red clover. The results suggest that the volatiles of toxic plants could be used and exploited as a source of natural, safe and effective repellents to control the impact of pest herbivores on plants.     

Quantification of allele E198A in beta-tubulin conferring benzimidazole resistance in Monilinia fructicola using real-time PCR

BACKGROUND: Thiophanate-methyl, a member of the benzimidazole class of fungicides, is used in California to control brown rot of stone fruit caused by Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey. The goal of this study was to develop a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as an efficient method to quantify the E198A allele of beta-tubulin that confers benzimidazole resistance. RESULTS: Using the real-time PCR assay, the frequency of allele E198A (FEA) in a population was determined from the quantities of DNA amplified with the E198A allele-specific primer pair HRF/HRR and the M. fructicola-specific primer pair MfF6/MfR6. The average proportions of highly resistant isolates determined with the conventional fungicide sensitivity method were within the range of average FEA values determined with the real-time PCR assay. We also determined the FEAs of M. fructicola populations sampled from 21 stone fruit orchards in California. Only one orchard showed a high FEA over 0.20, seven orchards had values between 0.01 and 0.1, and 13 orchards had values less than 0.01. CONCLUSION: The real-time PCR assay developed in this study provides a potentially useful tool to efficiently quantify benzimidazole resistance for large M. fructicola populations.     

北京玉渊潭公园樱花品种的应用筛选与评价

结合北京气候、土壤条件,以及公园多年引种成功和管护樱花的实践经验,侧重品种适应性、景观应用价值,从花期、形质性状、整体观赏效果、适应性和稀有度等方面进行樱花品种的应用筛选评价,采用层次分析法对北京玉渊潭公园的7个品系30个樱花品种开展评价.评价结果表明,筛选出适应性强、长势好,可在北京地区推广应用的品种包括:山樱、大山樱、阳光、杭州早樱、染井吉野以及江户彼岸等早樱品种10个;松前早咲、八重红大岛和八重红彼岸等中樱品种6个;花笠、普贤象等晚樱品种4个.在北京适宜性稍差,宜背风向阳的小环境下栽植的品种包括八重红枝垂、思川、兰兰、小松乙女等.根据不同品种的花期、适应性、整体观赏效果,提出最佳配置应用方案,为北京地区樱花特色专类园景观设计和品种间的搭配提供参考.     

Inhibition of protease activities in discus Symphysodon spp. by three plant meals

Based on biochemical assays and electrophoretical methods, the inhibitory effects of three plant meals (soybean meal, wheat meal, winged bean meal) on digestive alkaline proteases of discus were investigated. Casein assays revealed that increasing levels of soybean meal caused a linear inhibitory effect on activity of protease. SDS-PAGE images revealed that trypsin and chymotrypsin were the inhibited enzymes. Soybean showed the lowest inhibition rate followed by wheat meal and raw winged bean. There was a quadratic relationship between wheat meal levels and its inhibition of protease acitivity. The highest inhibitory effect was obtained with the winged bean meal with inhibition of caseinolytic activities ranging from 3.6–98.6%. Results from this study showed the potential of both soybean meal and wheat meal as ingredients for practical diet for discus, while demonstrating the need for further improvement in processing method for winged bean meal.     

杨树人工林不同栽培模式碳储量研究

通过对赤峰市敖汉旗平缓固定沙地杨树人工林纯林、杨树与樟子松混交林、杨树与柠条混交林3种营林模式的不同树种的标准木生物量、碳含量进行测定,估算出不同模式单位面积生物量和碳储量。结果表明:相同林龄(20年生)不同营林模式碳储量差异较显著,其中杨树人工纯林碳储量最大为41.04 t/hm2,杨树与柠条混交林碳储量较小为21.6110 t/hm2,杨树与樟子松混交林碳储量最小为20.607 t/hm2。     

赤峰地区杨树人工林碳储量研究

以赤峰市杨树人工林为研究对象,对不同立地、不同林龄、不同林种杨树生物量、碳储量进行研究,结果表明:杨树人工林生物量随着树龄、胸径、树高的增长而增加,各个器官的生物量也不相同,干的生物量最大,叶的生物量最小,生物量依次顺序为:干根枝叶。树干的平均碳含量最大,为471.00 g/kg,根为461.14 g/kg,枝为468.00 g/kg,叶最小,为446.20 g/kg,不同器官的含碳率大小排序为树干树根树枝树叶。杨树人工林胸径与单株碳储量,树高、胸径与生物量、单株碳储量模型均符合乘幂模型,模型拟合率均大于80%。杨树人工林乔木层平均碳储量为37.783 t/hm2,赤峰地区杨树人工林乔木层碳储总量为26 539 627.38 t。