玉树县孟宗沟小流域草地综合治理效果

孟宗沟小流域经实行划区轮牧、人工种草、围栏封育等措施后，优等牧草生长高度及盖度增加，草地生产力提高，促进了高原畜牧业发展。     

黑龙江流域湿地现状及保护

文章论述了黑龙江流域湿地的概况及保护现状:保护时间短;建立了一定数量保护区;开展了一定科学调查、研究。分析了本区湿地减少的主要原因:湿地开发;气候变化;农业生产与湿地争水等。并提出今后本区湿地保护工作建议:实行社区共管;加强宣传、健全法制等。     

酿酒葡萄延迟栽培方式的研究

利用西昌地区丰富的光热资源,以3年生真芳德和梅尔诺为试材,2000年在西昌正大葡萄试验园进行了酿酒葡萄延迟栽培的研究。摘除一次花序,对新梢分别在花后20、40、60、80d进行中梢修剪,逼迫冬芽萌发结果。结果表明:真芳德具有较强的冬芽副梢结果能力。在延迟栽培条件下,两品种的果实成熟期可推迟到11月上中旬。单株产量、果实可溶性固形物含量和总糖的最大值均出现在花后60d的处理中;各处理滴定酸均高于对照;出汁率随处理时间延迟而降低。两品种花后40、60和80d处理的果实黑痘病和白腐病的发生均低于对照。冬芽副梢成熟度良好。结果表明,延迟栽培能够有效调节葡萄成熟期并改善原料质量,但同时也造成产量的下降和生产周期的加长。     

Size-related habitat use by bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus) in a regulated lowland river

Abstract  – Habitat use by four size-classes of bitterling ( Rhodeus sericeus ) in a regulated lowland river was studied at two spatial scales. Mesohabitat scale was represented by the bank type (boulder, beach and steep eroded bank). Microhabitat associations with substrate types, vegetation, woody debris and position in the stream were examined at each mesohabitat scale. Three size cohorts of young-of-the-year (0+) fish and a group of adult bitterling were detected. Univariate ( χ ²-tests) and multivariate (Outlying Mean Index analysis) methods were applied to determine size-related habitat associations. All the size-classes of bitterling avoided the steep eroded bank and most 0+ bitterling were distributed along the boulder bank. The smallest fish had the most pronounced habitat requirements and occurred mostly in the depositional areas, whereas the larger 0+ fish occurred in deeper water. The size-related change in the habitat use coincided with a change in diet and morphological state.     

长江穿越工程施工组织与管理

管道长江穿越工程的共同特点是穿越距离长,管道埋深大,穿越地层多为粉土、粉细砂等软土层(个别地段夹有卵石层).介绍了长江穿越地区工程地质条件、穿越主要技术参数、施工前期的准备、施工过程的组织和管理,穿越工程遇到的困难及决策,为今后同类工程提供了有益的借鉴.     

旱泉沟流域天然灌丛退化成因及保育对策

以祁连山自然保护区旱泉沟流域生境为研究对象,分析出气候变迁、鼠类破坏、认识偏差、超载滥牧、樵采挖药、农垦残食、利益相争等是天然灌丛退化的主要成因,以"人-草-畜"和谐发展为目标,提出了完善机制、分区治理,自然修复、持续经营,封山禁牧、育灌育草,以草定畜、划区轮牧,人工种草、合理利用,调整结构、增加收益的保育对策.     

泛长三角地区设施番茄生产现状及经济效益分析

长三角区内及周边地区蔬菜安全生产和均衡供应对长三角地区的社会稳定和经济健康发展起着重要作用。笔者团队对泛长三角地区主要省市设施番茄种植现状进行了实地调研。结合番茄周年价格波动规律,通过对不同小气候、生产设施和茬口下的番茄种植收益比较分析,发现番茄收益受市场和季节气候的影响,以越冬茬番茄种植拥有最高且稳定的收益,早春茬及山地越夏茬次之,秋茬收益最低,可能由于长三角地区流通链较长,不同季节的贮运成本影响了种植户的收益。另外,机械化程度低,人工成本高,生产技术参差不齐,病虫害综合防治不到位等也是阻碍泛长三角地区番茄高效生产的重要原因。     

城市河流污染治理的辨证思考

在社会经济的快速发展过程中，由于忽视了对河流水环境的有效保护，使得众多河流已经遭到严重污染。是先发展经济，后治理污染，还是发展经济与治理污染同步？河流污染的主要原因是什么，到底是河脏还是水脏？是防洪优先，还是治污优先？是单纯建立一条生态河流，还是首先建立一条安全河流？对于这些在当前河流污染治理的理念、方略及技术观点方面存在的争议或模糊概念，作者根据自身的经验和学习体会，进行了辨证的分析和讨论。污水截排、河道清淤、垃圾管理及河流水源利用，是作者认为的最有效的河流污染综合治理措施。     

曹娥江上游水环境容量的估算和分配研究

以曹娥江上游主要支流为研究对象,基于河流中污染物降解系数的率定和验证,进行了不同设计条件下的水环境容量估算,并综合考虑社会性、经济性和历史性,对水环境容量进行污染源之间的分配.结果表明,河流中CODMn和NH4 -N综合降解系数由于受到水温和流量的影响而具有显著的时间变异性,变异范围分别为0.078～0.29/天和0.087～0.3/天.不同设计条件下,全年CODMn和NH4 -N水环境容量分别为139.74～633.80t和56.47～151.09t,与现状排放量相比水污染控制形势严峻.河段沿岸的部分排污企业需削减当前CODMn排放量的27.5%～70.5%,所有NH4 -N排污企业需削减当前NH4 -N排放量的12.6%～70%.分配结果不但具有实际的可操作性,而且有利于促进排污权交易市场的形成.     

Temporal and spatial variations of evapotranspiration for spring wheat in the Shiyang river basin in northwest China

The methods for estimating temporal and spatial variation of crop evapotranspiration are useful tools for irrigation scheduling and regional water allocation. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for mapping spatial distribution of crop evapotranspiration and analyze the temporal and spatial variation of spring wheat evapotranspiration in the Shiyang river basin in Northwest China in the last 50 years. DEM-based methods were employed to estimate the spatial distribution of spring wheat evapotranspiration (ET_c). Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET₀) was calculated with the Penman–Monteith equation using meteorological data measured from eight stations in the basin. Crop coefficient (K_c) was determined from measured evapotranspiration in spring wheat season in the region. The results showed that ET_c gradually increased in the upper reaches of the basin in the last 50 years, while the middle reaches showed a significant decreasing trend, and in other regions, no significant trend was found. These changes can be attributed to expansion of irrigation areas and climate change. The multiple regression analysis between ET_c and altitude, latitude, and aspect were carried out for eight weather stations and the relationships were used to map ET_c for the basin. The spatial variations of ET_c were analyzed for three typical growing seasons based their precipitation. Results showed that long-term average ET_c over cultivated land was increasing from 270 mm in southwest mountainous area to 591 mm in northeast oasis of the basin, and the relative error between the estimated ET_c in spring wheat growing season by reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) and crop coefficient (K_c), and the interpolated ET_c was within 11.1%.