西藏自治区首次发现螟黄赤眼蜂

为发掘西藏地区本土的赤眼蜂资源,本研究利用灭活米蛾卵卡在西藏林芝嘎玛地区的梨园采集到一个赤眼蜂种群。采用ITS2序列比对鉴定所采集的赤眼蜂种类,并测定该蜂的生物学指标。结果表明：西藏林芝嘎玛地区所诱集的赤眼蜂鉴定为螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis Ishii,羽化率为80%,雌性比为57.14%,耐饥饿时间为1.08 d,后足径节长度为157.6μm。本研究将为发掘西藏地区赤眼蜂资源提供参考,并为利用赤眼蜂在西藏自治区开展生物防治实践奠定基础。     

鹅蛔虫ITS rDNA的分子特征及种类分析

为探究从广东省清远的鹅体内采集的蛔虫(Ascaridia anseris)的种类,对临床采集的鹅蛔虫样品,在形态观察的基础上,用保守引物NC5和NC2扩增鹅蛔虫的ITS rDNA基因片段,将扩增产物经克隆测序后,获得大小为1 009bp的鹅蛔虫ITS rDNA基因序列(GenBank登录号为KC905082)。序列比对和系统进化分析表明,鹅蛔虫5.8SrRNA基因与GenBank收录的鸡蛔虫(登录号为AJ001508)同源性为96%,而与不同地理株的鸽蛔虫的同源性在91%~96%之间;禽蛔科的鸡蛔虫、鸽蛔虫和鹅蛔虫同一进化分支,鹅蛔虫、鸡蛔虫和鸽蛔虫处于各自的独立进化分支。上述证明,鹅蛔虫是不同于鸽蛔虫的一个独立有效种,在系统发生关系上与鸡蛔虫更亲近。     

斑马蛔虫ITS及5．8SrDNA的克隆及进化分析

研究从斑马体内分离的蛔虫的核糖体DNA内转录间隔区（ITS）及5．8SrDNA序列的遗传变异情况,并用ITS序列重构斑马蛔虫与其它蛔虫的种群遗传关系。利用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增斑马蛔虫rDNA的ITS-1、5．8S及ITS-2片段,将PCR扩增出的片段纯化后克隆至pGEM．TEasy载体,重组质粒通过菌落PCR鉴定后,对阳性菌落进行序列测定并进行序列分析。结果显示所获得的斑马蛔虫ITS及5．8SrDNA序列总长为892bp,包含部分的18S、28S及全部的ITS,1、5．8S及ITS．2序列。证实从斑马体内分离的蛔虫为马副蛔虫,从而为斑马蛔虫的分类鉴定以及进一步的分子流行病学调查奠定了基础。     

华南虎蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列扩增及分析

以从我国广州动物园华南虎肠道中采集的2条蛔虫作为研究对象,利用核糖体DNA(rDNA)中转录间隔区序列(ITS)的遗传标记特点,用保守引物NC5和NC2对提取的DNA进行PCR扩增,经胶回收纯化后,连接到pGEM-TEasy载体上,然后转化并鉴定出阳性菌落。对菌落进行PCR扩增并测序,将测序结果与GenBank公布的相关蛔虫ITS序列进行比对分析。结果显示,来自广州动物园的2条蛔虫ITS及5.8S rDNA序列总长均为858 bp,序列相似性为100%,与狮弓蛔虫(Toxascaris leonina)、猫弓首蛔虫(Toxocara cati)、犬弓蛔虫(T.canis)的ITS-1序列相似性分别为97%、81%、82%;5.8S序列的相似性分别为100%、98%、99%;ITS-2序列与GenBank上公布的狮弓蛔虫序列相似性94.6%,与猫弓首蛔虫、犬弓首蛔虫、马来西亚弓首蛔虫(T.malaysiensis)序列相似性均小于60%。研究结果证明此次分离的华南虎蛔虫属于狮弓蛔虫。     

Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of rDNA ITS of Three Eimeria Species in Rabbit

In order to study whether the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence could be used as a molecular marker for the species identification of rabbit coccidian, the rDNA ITS of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens and Eimeria magna were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector subsequently. The positive recombinant plasmids were identified by PCR and then sequenced. By sequence comparison and comparative analysis with the relative sequences of rabbit Eimeria spp. available in GenBank, the results showed that the lengths of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria flavescens and Eimeria magna were 1065, 1009 and 1047 bp, respectively, and the sequence homologies with the same species sequences were 99.2%, 99.0% and 94.5%, respectively, while were 55.3% to 82.1% compared with corresponding sequences of other different species sequences. The phylogenetic analysis using software Mega 5.0 showed that all rabbit coccidia clustered together in a clade, which was divided into two sister lineages, corresponding to the presence or absence of oocyst residuum. The result demonstrated ITS could be used as a molecular marker for the species identification of rabbit coccidia.     

Establishment of macro-aggregates and organic matter turnover by microbial communities in long-term incubated artificial soils

The study of interactions between minerals, organic matter (OM) and microorganisms is essential for the understanding of soil functions such as OM turnover. Here, we present an interdisciplinary approach using artificial soils to study the establishment of the microbial community and the formation of macro-aggregates as a function of the mineral composition by using artificial soils. The defined composition of a model system enables to directly relate the development of microbial communities and soil structure to the presence of specific constituents. Five different artificial soil compositions were produced with two types of clay minerals (illite, montmorillonite), metal oxides (ferrihydrite, boehmite) and charcoal incubated with sterile manure and a microbial community derived from a natural soil. We used the artificial soils to analyse the response of these model soil systems to additional sterile manure supply (after 562 days). The artificial soils were subjected to a prolonged incubation period of more than two years (842 days) in order to take temporally dynamic processes into account. In our model systems with varying mineralogy, we expected a changing microbial community composition and an effect on macro-aggregation after OM addition, as the input of fresh substrate will re-activate the artificial soils. The abundance and structure of 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) fragments amplified from total community DNA were studied by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), respectively. The formation of macro-aggregates (>2 mm), the total organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) contents, the OC and N contents in particle size fractions and the CO₂ respiration were determined. The second manure input resulted in higher CO₂ respiration rates, 16S rRNA gene and ITS copy numbers, indicating a stronger response of the microbial community in the matured soil-like system. The type of clay minerals was identified as the most important factor determining the composition of the bacterial communities established. The additional OM and longer incubation time led to a re-formation of macro-aggregates which was significantly higher when montmorillonite was present. Thus, the type of clay mineral was decisive for both microbial community composition as well as macro-aggregation, whereas the addition of other components had a minor effect. Even though different bacterial communities were established depending on the artificial soil composition, the amount and quality of the OM did not show significant differences supporting the concept of functional redundancy.     

Practical Method of High-Speed Access for Medical Digital Image Sequences

The high-speed access for medical digital image sequences was restricted to special device and complicated system in the past. The authors present a new method of high-speed access for medical digital image sequences which can be performed on general computer by means of the combination of Serial ATA(SATA) and Redundant Array of Independent Disk(RAID).Then they introduce the scheme of system configuration and software program. Lastly the testing result is given and the speediness,cheapness and conveniency of this method are elucidated.     

斜板上流式厌氧污泥床处理低浓度有机废水的试验研究

本文报告了用１６．１升斜板上流式厌氧污泥床在常温下处理低浓度有机废水的启动和运行试验研究。试验使用稀释酒精废水为模拟处理基质，启动阶段仅用７７天时间，装置水力负荷达到２ｍ３／（ｍ３．ｄ），ＣＯＤ去除率达到７８．９％，此时进水ＣＯＤ浓度为７６７．８ｍｇ／Ｌ。在第二阶段试验中，仅用一天时间，装置就恢复了时隔半年的正常运行。以后在温度１２℃以上，ＨＲＴ为１２小时，进水ＣＯＤ浓度在６６０．０～９８２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ范围的１２９天稳定运行中，平均ＣＯＤ去除率为７６．１％。结果表明：采用该工艺处理低浓度有机废水在技术上是可行的，具有启动快，运行稳定，工艺控制简便的优点。水浸没的成组浅层斜板在ＵＡＳＢ／ＩＴＳ反应器中有良好的污泥截留能力和稳流效果，容易生成大颗粒污泥。颗粒污泥最大粒径可达５ｍｍ，ＳＶＩ为１８．２ｍｌ／ｇ。颗粒污泥中以甲烷丝菌为优势菌。     

Phylogenetic relationships in Origanum spp. based on rDNA sequences and intra-genetic variation of Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum revealed by RAPD

Origanum species are among the most widely spread herbs in the Mediterranean basin. Eventhough they are used as a spice, evaluation of their genetic diversity and evolution has only recently drawn attention. In order to study phylogenetic relationships, 14 ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 clones belonging to the most common Origanum species were sequenced and a parsimony tree was constructed, using the approximate likelihood ratio test. All Origanum species were clearly separated from allied genera of the Mentheae tribe while a clear distinction between the Greek and the Spanish accessions was revealed. In addition the germplasm variability of the most common Greek oregano (O. vulgare subsp. hirtum) was investigated using the RAPD markers. The use of 10 random decamers resulted in 133 unambiguous and reproducible bands detected across 27 entries. Two main groups were identified by the UPGMA clustering using Jaccard's similarity coefficient, and major genetic dissimilarities among Greek O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations and O. onites/O. virens species were detected. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that genetic variability is distributed mainly within populations; however, significant Φ_st values were detected between different geographical localities, supporting noteworthy genetic differentiation among O. vulgare subsp. hirtum populations.     

ITS鉴定木材种类：一例司法鉴定研究实例

本研究选取一例非法收购国家重点保护植物油丹的司法鉴定案作为研究实例,在确认鉴定技术可行的前提下,应用ITS序列分析对待检测的原木进行了分子鉴定。本研究采用CTAB法提取原木DNA,对其提纯后进行ITSrDNA的PCR扩增,再对PCR阳性产物进行克隆、测序,将测序结果进行Blast分析和构建系统发育树。结果表明,送检的47根原木中有9根被鉴定为油丹。本研究采用ITS序列系统发育分析方法,成功鉴定了原木种类,为今后类似司法鉴定案件的审理提供了可靠的鉴定意见。