GGE双标图在玉米品种区域实验中的应用

为高产优质玉米新品种筛选以及玉米高产栽培提供理论依据,通过GGE双标图法分析了7个玉米新品种在贵州省高海拔地区生态条件下的丰产性、稳定性和适应性,同时分析了5个参试地点的辨别力和代表性。结果表明：‘盛农4号’产量最高,‘金发玉201212’产量最低,‘水玉108’最稳定,‘胜境847’最不稳定。就综合而言,‘盛农4号’综合性状最为理想。就各试验点的区分力和代表性而言,大方县大方镇关井村和威宁县小海镇卯家村的区分能力最好。赫章县古基乡桃园村的代表性最好。综合起来,‘盛农4号’可算作一个既高产又稳产的品种;大方县大方镇关井村和威宁县小海镇卯家村代表性和分辨力最为理想。     

GGE双标图在河南省夏播花生品种区域试验中的应用

笔者研究了河南省夏播花生品种区域试验中参试品种与环境的互作关系,科学评价参试品种与试点,为品种审定及试点遴选提供理论依据。采用可直观分析农作物两向数据的GGE双标图对参试品种的高产稳产性、品种与试验点环境间的关系、各试点的代表性进行了分析。结果表明：2015年河南省夏播花生品种区域试验中理想品种为‘豫花55号’,能有效地选择高产稳产品种的试点是河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所、濮阳市农业科学院、洛阳市农林科学院。     

Performance stability of maize genotypes across diverse hill environments in Nepal

The national maize improvement program in Nepal regularly receives elite maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes from CIMMYT and other countries and tests them for their performance stability in highly diverse environments. Studies were conducted on research stations and farmers’ fields at five sites in three years to determine performance stability of exotic maize genotypes. Replicated on-station and on-farm studies were conducted using 25 and 10 genotypes, respectively, including a local check and an improved check (Manakamana-3), in 2004–2006. We analyzed grain yield, days to flowering, plant and ear height, plant population, husk cover, and plant and ear aspect. Stability and genotype superiority for grain yield was determined using genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis that compares among a set of genotypes with a reference ‘ideal’ genotype, which has the highest average value of all genotypes and is absolutely stable. Several genotypes produced significantly higher grain yield than the local check. Four genotypes (‘Across9942 × Across9944’, ‘Open Ended White Hill Population’, ‘Population 44C10’ and ‘ZM621’), that produced significantly higher grain yield than the improved check, also had other agronomic traits (days to flowering, plant and ear height, number of ears, resistance to leaf blight, plant and ear aspect and husk cover tightness) equal to or better than the improved check. GGE-biplot analysis showed that Across9942 × Across9944 and ZM621 were the most superior genotypes in the on-station and on-farm trials, respectively. The findings from this study provide new information on the stability of the maize genotypes that are also adapted to other regions of the world. Such information could be useful for maize improvement program for the highlands in Nepal and other similar environments.     

河北省春播玉米品种产量和主要穗部性状GGE双标图分析

利用GGE双标图对2013～2014年河北省玉米多点鉴定试验中10个参试品种(含对照)在8个试验点穗长、穗行数和千粒重等产量和穗部性状进行分析。结果表明,中地175在产量、穗长、穗行数和千粒重等性状适应性较好;逐鹿试验点是最理想试验点,有较好地试验点鉴别力和代表性。中地175是最理想品种。GGE双标图分析为客观评价玉米品种的适应性、丰产性和稳定性提供了直观、有效的手段。     

马铃薯种质的遗传特性与抗旱性的关系

为探究马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)不同遗传特性与其对水分胁迫响应之间的相关关系,本研究通过SSR分析了供试材料的遗传多样性,并通过PEG-6000和不浇水胁迫处理马铃薯移栽苗的方法,研究了干旱胁迫下不同马铃薯品种中过氧化物酶(POD、CAT)活性及可溶性蛋白含量的变化。结果显示,在遗传相似系数(GS)为0.700水平上,44份马铃薯材料可被聚为5类,大部分品种聚在一起,说明供试品种的遗传基础相对狭窄。通过GGE-Biplot综合分析POD、CAT及可溶性蛋白质变化量,将44份供试材料分为6组。比对分析遗传多样性分析与生理结果,发现二者之间并不具有明显的一致性,即品种遗传特性的差异并不能直接反映品种的抗旱性能差异,而两种胁迫方式在研究品种抗旱特性上具有较高的一致性。该研究结果可以为今后抗旱试验的进行提供参考。     

基于GGE双标图的北方大麦区试品种稳产性及试点代表性评价

为准确评价大麦品系的稳产性和适应性及北方大麦区试试点的鉴别力和环境代表性,利用GGE双标图对2012-2013年国家大麦北方区域试验6个试点（黑龙江哈尔滨、内蒙古呼和浩特、黑龙江红兴隆、内蒙古上库力、甘肃武威黄羊镇和新疆石河子）的12个大麦品种（垦啤7号、甘啤7号、10PJ-24、红08-764、08B26、P10-6、中饲麦1号、09GW-01、9821、红00-801、P11-1和甘啤6号）的试验数据进行分析。结果表明,中国北方地区大麦6个试点可分为三个类型区,在三个类型区表现最好的品种分别是垦啤7号、10PJ-24和9821。石河子是最理想的试点,有较好的品种鉴别能力;哈尔滨和上库力在品种鉴别能力和环境代表性上很相似,而且鉴别力较差。12个大麦品种中,中饲麦1号和08B26的丰产、稳产性较好,而P11-1表现较差。     

Sodium exclusion is a reliable trait for the improvement of salinity tolerance in bread wheat

Identification of novel wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm is imperative to develop salt tolerant varieties. In the first phase, 400 accessions were screened against high salt stress (200 mM NaCl) on the basis of Na⁺ accumulation in leaf blade, and 40 genotypes with contrast reaction to salinity were selected. Salt tolerant group (25 genotypes) had higher leaf K⁺/Na⁺ ratio, maximum root and shoot lengths, leaf fresh/dry weights and chlorophyll content as compared to the salt sensitive group (15 genotypes). In second phase, physiologically based screening was performed on selected genotypes against varying salinity levels (0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). GGE biplot analysis indicates that genotypes TURACO, V-03094, V0005, V-04178, Kharchia 65 and V-05121 were the most salt-tolerant and declared winners as depicted by more gaseous exchange relations and growth potential which was strongly correlated with proper Na⁺, K⁺ discrimination in leaf and root tissues. Genotypes PBW343*2, NING MAI 50, PGO, PFAU, V-04181, PUNJAB 85, KIRITATI, TAM200/TUI and TAM200 were poor performer due to more Na⁺ accumulation in leaf ultimately retarded growth. In conclusion, low Na⁺ accumulation in leaf can be used as the best screening criteria, employing a large set of genotypes in a breeding program.     

安徽麦区软质小麦面粉溶剂保持力的基因型与环境互作

为了深入了解安徽麦区软质小麦溶剂保持力（SRC）性状的基因型效应与不同种植区域环境效应的互作关系及稳定性,利用GGE双标图对种植于7个生态试点的12个大田推广软质小麦品种的蔗糖SRC、乳酸SRC、碳酸钠SRC和水SRC 4个性状进行了综合评价。GGE结果表明,供试材料的4个SRC性状的GGE变异值均大于50%,环境-基因型互作效应复杂。能较好区分蔗糖SRC和乳酸SRC的试点是濉溪,能较好区分碳酸钠SRC且具有强代表性的生态点是新马桥,能区分水SRC的生态点是阜阳。生态适应性和稳定性分析表明：蔗糖SRC值表现较稳定的品种包括华成863、龙科1109、荃麦725和涡麦99;乳酸SRC值稳定的品种有徽研912和瑞华麦516,碳酸钠SRC值稳定的品种包括徽研912和瑞华麦516,水SRC值表现较稳定的品种是华成863。