不同品种肉鸡肌肉的组织学特性研究

采用冰冻切片法、借助TIGER细胞图像分析仪对南海麻黄鸡、江西鸡、黄鸡M系、黄鸡N系、黄鸡K系的胸部肌肉的肌纤维直径和肌纤维密度进行了测定。结果表明:①肌纤维直径由小到大依次为江西鸡(30.1±3.1)μm、南海麻黄鸡(35.3±7.8)μm、黄鸡N系(36.7±1.9)μm、黄鸡K系(37.2±0.7)μm、黄鸡M系(38.1±3.1)μm,江西鸡与黄鸡N系、黄鸡K系之间的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。②肌纤维密度由小到大依次为黄鸡K系(424.5±39.3)根/mm2、M系(465.5±91.9)根/mm2、N系(471.5±63.0)根/mm2、南海麻黄鸡(568.1±59.7)根/mm2和江西鸡(655.5±182.6)根/mm2。③优质肉鸡的肌纤维直径和密度与肌肉品质之间有密切关系。     

Effects of deficit irrigation strategies on cluster microclimate for improving fruit composition of Moscatel field-grown grapevines

The grapevine plays a very important role in the economic, social and cultural sectors of many regions; however vineyards are often grown in regions under stressful conditions and thus they are vulnerable to climate change. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of partial root-zone drying (PRD) irrigation on vine water relations, vegetative growth, plant microclimate, berry composition and yield components, compared to conventional deficit irrigation (DI, 50% ETc), full irrigation (FI, 100% of ETc) and non-irrigated vines (NI). The study was undertaken in mature ‘Moscatel’ grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Pegões, South of Portugal. Compared to the other irrigated treatments, PRD vines showed a better microclimate at the cluster zone with higher incident photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). Within the more open canopies of NI and PRD treatments, berry temperatures were higher than those of denser ones (DI and FI). Compared to the conventional irrigation technique the better microclimate observed in PRD vines was a consequence of a reduction in vine growth, where lower values of leaf layer number, leaf area, canopy wideness, water shoots and shoot weight were observed. In PRD vines we observed a tendency to a development of a deeper root system, while DI and FI showed a more homogeneous root distribution throughout the different soil layers. PRD showed an improvement in berry quality with higher values of flavour precursors, and total phenols concentration without any significant yield reduction compared to DI and FI.     

Higher than optimum temperature under CO2 enrichment influences stomata anatomical characters in rose (Rosa hybrida)

There is little available information on the effects of temperature and CO₂ enrichment on stomata anatomical characteristics of plants. Effect of these two microclimates was studied on five rose (Rosa spp.) cultivars, viz. ‘First Red’ (used as check), ‘Arjun’, ‘Raktima’, ‘Raktagandha’ and ‘Pusa Pitamber’. Budded, single-stemmed rose cultivars having five lateral buds were grown in controlled environment growth cabinets under enriched CO₂ (1000 μmol mol⁻¹) and optimum (28/18 °C, T₀) or high (35/25 °C, T₁) temperature for 50 days. All observations were made on the abaxial leaf surface. Significant increases in stomatal density (68.7%), index (29.6%) and epidermal cell density (37.3%) were recorded in plants grown at high temperature over control with CO₂ enrichment. The cultivars responded differently in terms of length and width of guard cell and stoma (pore) under high temperature, however, the values averaged over treatments showed a significant reduction in these parameters. Further, number of stomata per leaf was higher (28.3%) in plants grown at high temperature, except First Red. A reduction in mean leaf area (26.7%) and dry mass (32.0%) was recorded at high rather than optimum temperature. The specific leaf area was maximum in Arjun (87%) while in First Red, a 14% reduction was noted at high temperature.     

Effect of road density on abundance of white-footed mice

While several studies have demonstrated that roads can act as barriers to small mammal movement, the relationship between road density and small mammal abundance has not yet been investigated. In southeastern Ontario, Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice) suffer high over-winter mortality rates, resulting in small springtime populations and frequent local extinctions. Peromyscus leucopus movement is known to be inhibited by roads, which should result in lower rates of immigration into and recolonization of habitats in landscapes with high road density. We tested two predictions: (1) Forest sites situated in landscapes with high road densities have a higher chance of P. leucopus being absent during the early spring than forest sites situated in landscapes with low road densities and (2) P. leucopus populations during the summer are smaller in forest sites situated in landscapes with high road densities than in landscapes with low road densities. We sampled P. leucopus in focal patches within nineteen landscapes (7 rural, low-road-density landscapes; 7 rural, high-road-density landscapes; 5 urban landscapes). There was no significant relationship between road density and the presence/absence of P. leucopus during the early spring. We found a significant positive effect of road density on P. leucopus relative abundance during the summer, even when we excluded the urban landscapes and based the analysis on only the 14 rural landscapes. Our results suggest that any negative effect of roads on P. leucopus populations, created by their inhibition to moving across roads, is far outweighed by some positive effect of roads on P. leucopus abundance. We suggest that the two most likely explanations are that roads are positively correlated with an important as-yet-undetermined component of habitat quality, or that roads positively affect P. leucopus by negatively affecting their predators.     

The relationship between serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3 levels,bone mineral density and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis

AIM:To study the relationship between serum insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels, bone mineral density(BMD) and bone metabolic markers in postmenopausal women. METHODS:Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, osteocalcin(BGP), isomeric C-telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), estradiol(E₂), calcitonin(CT), parathormone(PTH), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus(P) were measured in 90 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients and 70 healthy postmenopausal women. BMD of lumbar vertebra and left femoral neck were determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.RESULTS:BMD of lumbar vertebra and left femoral neck decreased significantly (P<0.01), serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, E₂, CT and BGP decreased significantly (P<0.01), serum β-CTX and PTH increased significantly in postmenopausal osteoporosis group (P<0.01). There were no significantly differences in serum Ca, P between two groups (P>0.05). BMD of lumbar vertebra and left femoral neck were positively correlated with serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, E₂, CT and BGP, but negatively correlated with β CTX and PTH. There were no correlation with serum Ca, P and BMD.CONCLUSION:Serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, E₂, CT, BGP, β-CTX and PTH level were correlated with BMD of lumbar vertebra and left femoral neck. These markers can be one of the valuable evidences for screening osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.     

哈密瓜内生细菌菌群密度及分布动态

分离哈密瓜植株组织中的内生细菌,对不同品种、不同栽培环境、不同组织器官、不同生育期的哈密瓜内生细菌的菌群组成、菌群密度的动态分布特点进行研究.结果表明:哈密瓜不同品种、不同种植地区、不同组织器官、不同生育期内生细菌的菌群密度有较大差异.抗病品种中的内生细菌显著高于感病品种.哈密瓜各组织中,种子的内生细菌最多,其次为根,再次为茎、叶片、叶柄,果实中最少.在不同生长阶段,随着哈密瓜生育期的延长,内生细菌数量变化呈"高-低-高"的变化特点,即从苗期到花期,植株内生细菌总量下降,至成熟期数量显著增加的特点.对所分离的内生细菌进行菌群分析表明,哈密瓜内生细菌包括芽孢杆菌属、黄单胞菌属、假单胞菌属、欧文氏菌属、葡萄球菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、黄色单胞菌属和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)等,其中芽孢杆菌属出现的频率最高,在所分离的哈密瓜品种中都是优势菌群,约占总分离菌株的54.58%;但菌群多样性在不同哈密瓜品种和种植地区间差异不显著;种子中类群最少,随着植株生长,类群增加.     

松毛虫赤眼蜂不同放蜂密度对松毛虫控制效果

使用松毛虫赤眼蜂不同放蜂密度分别于7月30日和8月10日两次放蜂防治松毛虫,第二次放蜂后10d分别调查卵寄生率和虫口密度。结果表明,松毛虫赤眼蜂块剂50、60、70块/667m2三种放蜂密度防治松毛虫均有良好的防治效果,卵寄生率分别为78.8%、75.3%、90.1%,虫口防效达89.1%、84.6%9、1.6%。从经济成本预算,每亩放蜂50块,就可以达到较好的控制效果。     

不同播种密度对地膜小麦重要农艺性状的影响

在天水地区大田设置6个播量水平，观测不同密度条件下地膜小麦群体重要农艺性状的变化规律，并与露地小麦相对照。结果表明：单株分蘖数、最高总茎数、基部节间长度是有规律的增加；地膜小麦的单株分蘖数、最高总茎数的变幅较小，而露地小麦的变幅较大；基部节间长度随密度的增加而增加，地膜小麦的增长较快；单位面积有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、单位面积上的产量均随密度的变化而变化，但地膜小麦的变幅较小，而露地小麦的交幅较大；叶面积指数、叶片功能期，地膜小麦和露地在密度交化过程中表现出相同的趋势；籽粒饱满指数随密度增加而降低，二者有相同的趋势。而粒叶比则露地小麦的变幅较大；倒伏程度以露地小麦的变幅较大。     

卷叶螟绒茧蜂寄生棉大卷叶螟的行为及其与寄主密度的关系

卷叶螟绒茧蜂Apanteles derogatae Watanabe是棉大卷叶螟Sylepta derogata Fabricius幼虫期的一种重要内寄生蜂,对棉大卷叶螟种群有较好的控制作用。在实验室条件下,运用人工接虫观察法研究卷叶螟绒茧蜂对棉大卷叶螟幼虫的寄生行为。结果表明,该蜂搜寻寄主的时间平均为2．38 min,处理寄主的时间仅需0．86 min;寄生寄主的最适龄期为寄主2龄幼虫;对1龄幼虫的致死率达32%,但其寄生率仅为16%,其余16%的个体为穿刺致死。饲喂蜂蜜水能显著增加该蜂的产卵量,延长其产卵历期和增强其穿刺能力。寄生蜂的寄生能力与寄主密度的关系呈抛物线型:在寄生蜂均为16头/m~3雌蜂条件下,当寄主密度从80头/m~3增加到320头/m~3时,寄主的被寄生个体数随之增加,但当寄主密度超过320头/m~3后,寄主的被寄生个体数反而随寄主密度的上升呈下降趋势。     

人工清除流脂防治萧氏松茎象试验研究

研究了人工清除萧氏松茎象寄主流脂对其种群密度的影响,结果表明:该方法对萧氏松茎象的种群密度有明显的影响,试验区的有虫株率平均下降了37.2%,平均相对防治效果达49.1%。防治后试验区和对照区有虫株率差异极显著。