Neuropharmacological properties of Xylocarpus moluccensis

The methanolic extracts of the barks and pneumatophores of Xylocarpus moluccensis were assessed for their effects on the central nervous system (CNS) using a series of established pharmacological tests including pentobarbitone-induced sleeping time, open field, hole cross, hole-board and evasions tests in mice model. These extracts produced a dose-dependent reduction of the onset and duration of pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis, reduction of locomotor and exploratory activities in the open field, hole cross, head-dip and evasion tests. These results suggest that both the bark and pneumatophore extracts possess CNS depressant activity, the pneumatophore extract being more potent than the bark extract.     

谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的影响

160只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分成4组,分别饲喂添加0％、0.2％、0.4％和0.8％谷氨酰胺饲粮28天。每周末取鸡24只,每组6只,颈静脉放血致死,取胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏,电子分析天平称重,Bouin液固定,制作石蜡切片,HE染色,光镜观察,显微摄影,研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的影响。结果为（1）试验3组1、4周龄和试验2组2、4周龄胸腺重量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验3组2周龄极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）;试验2组1、2、4周龄和试验3组4周龄法氏囊重量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,试验3组1、2周龄极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。（2）试验组胸腺小叶增多,皮质增厚,淋巴细胞密集,髓质比例减小,胸腺小体减少、减小;法氏囊皱襞内淋巴滤泡增多,皮质增厚,滤泡内淋巴细胞增多,但对照组4周龄皱襞内淋巴滤泡急剧减少。添加0.8%谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官的作用最为明显。结果说明,日粮中添加谷氨酰胺对肉仔鸡中枢淋巴器官胚后发育的促进作用较为明显,对中枢淋巴器官,尤其是法氏囊的退化具有延缓作用。从组织学角度证明谷氨酰胺能够促进中枢淋巴器官的胚后发育及其内T、B淋巴细胞的增殖与分化,进而提高机体的免疫功能。     

Diasporic Chinese voluntary associations engage China's rise

Since the late 1970s, China has gradually risen as a global power, which culminates in the present moment when large-scale geopolitical and economic ventures such as the Belt and Road Initiative have generated diversified cross-border connections. This is most forcefully felt in the Chinese diaspora, and particularly those in Southeast Asia since the region is home to the largest and most diverse diasporic Chinese population. Chinese voluntary associations (CVAs), as crucial social institutions in the Chinese diaspora, are actively engaging with China's rise and responding to the (trans) regional political-economic and socio-cultural changes. In this introduction of the special section, we open up a collection of five research articles and one commentary that discuss the ambivalences and tensions in CVAs’ engagement with China's rise. We conceptualize CVAs as ever-evolving ancestral communities which actively (re)position themselves in relation to complex configurations of power dynamics taking place between actors in China and the Chinese diaspora. Ancestral communities evolve through a constant mediation of the two mutually-constitutive processes of transnationalization and localization, which take on dual-facing and double-embedded orientations. This special section also highlights the continuing significance and renewed engagement of CVAs and potential tensions and conflicts generated in changing geopolitical and domestic environment.     

中东太平洋长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓作业分析

根据辽宁远洋渔业有限公司“海泰”船于2001~2002年在中东太平洋进行的金枪鱼延绳钓探捕的生产数据,分析了长鳍金枪鱼延绳钓作业的捕捞努力量、渔获量及上钓率的月变化和年间变化,并对上钓率与作业渔场表层水温的关系进行了初步研究。“海泰”船平均每月下钓68568钩,2001年月均产量为2960尾;2002年月均产量为1290尾。以重量计,2001年月均产量为31373kg;2002年月均产量为15889kg。两年间相比,2002年月均产量明显低于2001年。不同月份间实际日产量波动较月产量波动小,两年间的平均日产量差异显著。不同月份间上钓率亦差异显著,而年间平均上钓率无显著性差异。不同作业海区日产量和上钓率差异极显著,A、D、E和H区日产量和上钓率较高。在水温15~22℃范围内,上钓率在0.7%~11.1%之间波动,平均值为3.64±0.156%;水温24~30℃范围内时,上钓率在0.25%~3.7%之间,平均值为1.06±0.085%。两个温度范围的上钓率差异极显著。月平均上钓率与作业渔场月平均表层水温成显著负相关。     

New observation of cone flies attacking cones of Picea obovata andLarix sibirica in central Siberia

lntroductionConeniesofgenusStfObilOmwiMichelsen(=LasiOmmaSteinAuct-partim=ChorthOPhil8Macquart=HtwiaRobineau-Desvoidy,DiPtera:Anthomyiidae)arewidespreadpestsdamagingconesandseedsofconifers(Roquesetal1996)-SpeciesofthisapparentIymonophyleticgenusoccurmainlyintheborealandMontanapartsoftheHoIartic,wherelarvaIinstarsdevelopexclusivelyintheconesofvariousgroupsofPinaceaeexceptthepinespecies(Michelsen,1988).AtotalOf19SbobiIOmyisspecieswereidentified(TUrgeonetal1994;Roquesetal1996),moStof…     

A pest on Calliandra calothyrsus in Cameroon

A beetle pest, Tragocephala guerini White (Col.: Cerambycidae) was observed damaging the branches of Calliandra calothyrsus Meissner in Cameroon, Central Africa. The pests biology and details of the damage on the host plant are described. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

天山中段冰川环境变迁与高山土壤的形成演化

天山中段乌鲁木齐河河源区,经历多次冰川作用,冰碛物自冰川末端外延12km。其上土壤发育与生物发展同步进行。在光秃的冰碛石表面,首先出现微生物群落和藻类群落,继之生长地衣和苔藓,最后演化为高山和亚高山草甸植被。与植物同步进化的原始土、新成土、寒冻雏形土,(A)-C型在先,A-C型继后,最终发育成A-(B)-C型。这些土壤具有负温和含冰的土体,土壤冻结-融化-冻结,常发生冰-水-冰的相态变化,表土产生冻胀丘、石环、A层呈鳞片状结构,土壤腐殖化程度低,矿物分解弱,粗骨性强。剖面分异状况由弱到强,原始土壤无发育层次,寒冻正常新成土腐殖层明显,草毡寒冻雏形土的A层和B层发育较为完善。     

黄海中南部细纹狮子鱼繁殖生物学特征的年际变化

基于1985-1986年和2011-2012年"北斗"号渔业调查船在黄海中南部的底拖网数据,对细纹狮子鱼的绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力、卵径、性腺成熟度等繁殖生物学特征的年代际变化进行了研究。结果表明,黄海中南部细纹狮子鱼卵径分布由1985-1986年的多峰型转变为2011-2012年的双峰型,但平均卵径由(1.1±0.2)mm增加至(1.2±0.1)mm。2011年1月细纹狮子鱼性成熟系数和肥满度比1986年1月有所下降,均与绝对繁殖力无显著相关(P0.05)。1985-1986年细纹狮子鱼个体绝对繁殖力F为9407-84209粒,平均为(37677±3625)粒,体长相对繁殖力FL为446-1981粒/cm,体重相对繁殖力FW为18-157粒/g,均高于2011-2012年细纹狮子鱼个体绝对繁殖力[2984-81614粒,平均为(24728±2822)粒]和相对繁殖力(FL为114-1690粒/cm,FW为15-106粒/g),但协方差检验两个年代间繁殖力参数发现无显著差异。1985-1986年和2011-2012年细纹狮子鱼F与体长均呈幂正相关,与体重呈线性正相关;体长与FL呈线性正相关,与FW呈线性负相关,体重与FL、FW不存在明显相关性。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网自由鱼群渔场重心变动及其与南方涛动指数的关系

文章根据2013—2017年中国中西太平洋金枪鱼围网船队捕捞日志,利用捕捞自由鱼群作业位置、作业时间和渔获量等数据信息,分析了自由鱼群渔场重心月间变化、年际变化与南方涛动指数(South Oscillation Index,SOI)的关系。结果显示,渔获量较高的海域海表温度(Sea surface temperature,SST)高于29℃;自由鱼群的渔场重心主要分布介于160°E—175°W;2013—2015年渔场重心有逐年向东偏移的趋势,但无明显的月间变化规律;SOI为正值时,中西太平洋“暖池”较正常年份向西偏移,自由鱼群渔场重心亦明显向西偏移;反之,自由鱼群渔场重心较正常年份向东偏移。相关性分析显示SOI和月间渔场重心的经度之间呈负相关(相关系数为?0.27,P<0.05),表明金枪鱼围网渔场变动和异常气候的发生存在密切联系。研究结果对于掌握中西太平洋金枪鱼围网渔场变动规律具有一定参考价值。