苹果离体叶片高效再生不定芽技术研究

苹果不同品种叶片再生不定芽能力不同,嘎拉再生能力最强,其次是乔纳金,富士最难再生。用继代培养３ 年以上、当代培养３０ ～５０ ｄ 的试管苗,取顶部第２ ～４ 叶位幼嫩叶片,远轴面向下接触培养基,再生效率高。诱导叶片再生不定芽适宜培养基为ＭＳ＋ ＴＤＺ１．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １（ 富士、乔纳金）或ＢＡ５ ．０ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ ＮＡＡ０ ．１ ～０．２ ｍｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ 蔗糖３５ ．０ ｇ·ｌ－ １ ＋ 琼脂６ ．２ ｇ·ｌ－ １（ 嘎拉） 。     

Spatial and stochastic simulation to evaluate the impact of events and control measures on the 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands. II. Comparison of control strategies

Using the spatial, temporal and stochastic simulation model InterCSF, several alternative pre-emptive slaughter strategies that could have been applied in the Dutch Classical Swine Fever (CSF) epidemic of 1997–1998 were evaluated. Furthermore, effects of changes in some disease-spread and disease-control parameters were studied. InterCSF simulates the spread of CSF between farms through local spread and contacts (animals, transport and persons). Disease spread is affected by control measures implemented through different mechanisms (e.g. depopulation of infected farms, pre-emptive slaughter, movement control). The starting point for the evaluation of strategies was a simulated basic scenario, which mimicked the real epidemic. Strategies were compared using epidemiological as well as economic results. Economic results were generated by a separate model (EpiLoss) that calculated the direct losses and consequential losses for farmers and related industries. The comparison of the different alternatives to the basic scenario led to some general conclusions on the Dutch CSF-epidemic. Pre-emptive slaughter seemed to be an effective strategy to reduce the size of an epidemic, if started at an early stage. Economically, pre-emptive slaughter was not as expensive as expected; the resulting smaller size of the epidemic, combined with less welfare slaughter, led to much lower overall losses. Furthermore, although large movement control areas seemed effective in reducing the size of the epidemic, the total losses were relatively high because of subsequent welfare slaughter. If infection probabilities could be reduced, for example by improved biosecurity, the resulting epidemics would be much smaller.     

Classical swine fever in The Netherlands 1997-1998: a description of organisation and measures to eradicate the disease

The central and regional organisation of the campaign to eradicate the CSF epidemic in the Netherlands in 1997/1998 is described. The main instruments used in the campaign were based on stamping-out and movement restrictions specified by the European Union. Additional instruments were used for the first time, namely, pre-emptive culling of contact and neighbouring farms, compartmentalisation of transport, monthly serological screening in established surveillance areas and supervised repopulation of all farms in the former surveillance zone. Two other measures, the killing of very young piglets and a breeding ban were introduced to reduce production in established surveillance zones. Several factors complicated the eradication campaign, for instance, the late detection of the first infection; artificial insemination as a source of infection; the organisation of pig farming in the Netherlands, with its highly concentrated production and dependence on the transport of stock from one unit to another; insufficient rendering capacity; decreasing sensitivity of clinical inspection; and extremely high costs.     

Association between bovine-leukosis virus seroprevalence and herd-level productivity on US dairy farms

Bovine-leukosis virus (BLV; also termed ‘bovine-leukemia virus’) is a retrovirus that primarily affects lymphoid tissue of dairy and beef cattle. Our objective was to investigate the association between BLV infection and annual value of production (AVP) on dairy herds within the United States, as part of the USDA National Animal Health Monitoring System’s 1996 dairy study. 1006 herds (in 20 states) with at least 30 dairy cows were interviewed during 1996. The agar-gel immunodiffusion test was used to detect serum antibodies to BLV. 10–40 cows from each herd were tested and each tested cow was classified as negative or positive based on results of a single test.

A multivariable regression model was used with the 976 herds with complete data for analysis. When compared to herds with no test-positive cows, herds with test-positive cows produced 218 kg per cow (i.e. 3%) less milk. The average reduction in AVP was $ 59 per cow for test-positive herds relative to test-negative herds. For the dairy industry as a whole, BLV seropositivity was associated with loss to producers of $ 285 million and $ 240 million for consumers. Most of this $ 525 million industry loss was due to reduced milk production in test-positive herds.     

黑杨派新无性系造林试验

用9个黑杨派新无性系在泰安市进行造林试验,其中I107,中林46,W1－13,I108等4个无性系的生长量较大,造林成活率较高。     

松辽黑猪染色体组型及显带的研究

采用外周血淋巴细胞培养方法以及C-显带和G-显带技术,对松辽黑猪进行了染色体组型分析及显带研究,并分析了各号染色体的相对长度、着丝点指数及臂比。结果表明,松辽黑猪的染色体数目为2n=38,公猪为3:8,XY;母猪为3:8,XX。松辽黑猪的C-带具有多态性,G-带带型与其他家猪相比没有明显差异。     

贮藏条件对苜蓿叶蛋白功能性酶的影响

以苜蓿为原料,采用酸碱法沉淀叶蛋白凝聚物。冷冻干燥后,分析叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量和氨基酸组成,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的含量;得到的苜蓿叶蛋白分别在常温、4℃、-20℃、-40℃条件下储藏,在2周、4周、8周、12周时取样,分析超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性在储藏过程中的变化。结果表明：苜蓿叶蛋白中常规营养成分的含量远高于日常食品,各种氨基酸种类齐全;苜蓿叶蛋白中含有丰富的SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶;低温对SOD和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的酶活性保存率保存效果最好。     

Anthracnose of centipede grass caused by Colletotrichum caudatum

Anthracnose disease was found on centipede grass [Eremochloa ophiuroides (Munro) Hack.] planted as a ground cover on paddy field levees in Shiga Prefecture in 2004. The symptoms were ear blight, stalk blight, and leaf spots. The causal fungus was morphologically identified as Colletotrichum caudatum (Sacc.) Peck. This is the first report of centipede grass anthracnose caused by C. caudatum.     

6株猪O型口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的克隆与序列分析

根据口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）VP1基因的序列，设计并合成了2对用于扩增VP1基因的引物。从组织中提取总RNA，首先用P1、P2引物对6株猪。型口蹄疫病毒进行RT—PCR扩增，获得1000bp的片段；再用P3、P4引物进行巢式PCR扩增，结果获得850bp的片段。将850bp的片段克隆到pMD18—-T载体中，通过PCR鉴定，将阳性重组质粒进行测序并分析。结果发现6株FMDV的核苷酸同源性为80．2％～99．4％，其推导的氨基酸序列同源性为86．9％～99．5％；构建遗传发生树，发现6株FMDV属于两个不同的基因型，其中的Shunde00、Sihui01、Shenzhen99、Fushan01株属一个基因型（与Hongkong93、广东86分离株属同一基因型）；Guangzhou99、Shenzhen00株属另一个基因型（与UKG-12—2001株、JPN2000株属同一基因型）。通过对口蹄疫病毒VP1基因的测序与分析，了解其变异情况，为科学地防控FMD提供分子水平的依据。     

四川各地黑山羊品种(群体)乳的生化组成与酪蛋白多态性研究

采用常规方法测定四川9个黑山羊品种(群体)乳常规营养组分含量.采用碱性尿素电泳方法分析酪蛋白多态性.结果表明,四川9个黑山羊乳蛋白含量范围为41.36～46.37 g/L,以营山黑山羊最低(41.36 g/L),金堂黑山羊最高(46.37g/L),差异极显著(P＜0.01);乳糖含量范围为44.00～47.30 g/L,以建昌黑山羊最低(44.00 g/L),金堂黑山羊最高(47.30g/L),差异不显著(P＜0.05);乳脂率范围为55.45～60.52 g/L,其中以白玉黑山羊最低(55.45 g/L),自贡黑山羊最高(60.52 g/L),差异极显著(P＜0.01).乳蛋白组分:CN(68.42%～71.01%),β-Lg(14.46%～15.87%),IgG(7.04%～7.34%),α-La(5.35%～5.96%),SA(2.02%～2.40%).各蛋白组分经显著性检验,营山黑山羊和嘉陵黑山羊的CN相对含量显著低于其他黑山羊品种(群体)(P＜0.01).在9个山羊品种(群体)中α-酪蛋白基因型存在多态性,多态型对乳脂率影响显著,其中α-酪蛋白DD型乳脂率显著低于CC型、CD型(P＜0.05).