Effects of Exogenous Cinnamic Acids on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Cucumber Seedlings

In order to study the effects of exogenous cinnamic acids on plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane at cucumber seedling stage, the seedlings of Shandong Mici cucumber were tested. The results showed that seedlings growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane were inhibited by cinnamic acids. The growth and root activities of seedlings were significantly （P〈0.05） lower in the soil amended with 100 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids compared to the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a＋b and carotenoid of seedlings significantly （P〈0.05） decreased in the soil amended with 200 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids, whereas ATPase activities exhibited a higher sensitivity and greatly decreased in the soil amended with 50 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids. These results suggested that cinnamic acids could induce a stress condition, and the stress intensities increased with enhanced cinnamic acid concentration.     

渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗根质膜ATP酶活性与膜透性的关系

经-1．0MP。聚乙二醇PEG渗透胁迫处理72h的小麦根系质膜透性可逆升高，抗旱品种（陕合6号）增幅小于干旱敏感品种（郑引1号），反复胁迫易导致质膜透性的不可逆伤害；PMH^＋-ATPase活性降低下降比质膜透性严重受伤害早，且不易恢复，可能是渗透胁迫伤害的原初作用点；PMCa^2＋-ATPase活性强弱取决于小麦抗旱性强弱；渗透胁迫下的质膜透性变化与PM ATPase活性变化不呈现直接相关。     

渗透胁迫对玉米幼苗根尖线粒体ATPase活性与结合态多胺含量的影响

[目的]探讨线粒体膜上结合态多胺与渗透胁迫的关系。[方法]以抗旱性不同的玉米(Zea maysL.)品种农大108(抗旱性较强)和掖单13(抗旱性较弱)幼苗为材料,研究在聚乙二醇(PEG)-6000渗透胁迫下,幼苗根线粒体ATPase水解活性与膜上非共价结合态亚精胺(Spd)含量的关系。[结果]渗透胁迫条件下,抗性强的农大108的ATPase活性下降的幅度明显小于抗性弱的品种掖单13,而农大108的线粒体膜上非共价结合亚精胺的上升幅度明显大于掖单13。外源Spd处理,明显促进了掖单13在胁迫条件下非共价结合Spd含量的增加,同时抑制其在胁迫条件下ATPase活性的降低,从而提高了掖单13幼苗的抗性;Spd生物合成的专一性抑制剂——甲基乙二醛-双(鸟嘌呤腙)(MGBG)处理,显著抑制了农大108在胁迫条件下膜上非共价结合Spd的增加,同时促进其在胁迫条件下ATPase活性的降低,从而明显降低了农大108幼苗的抗性。[结论]线粒体膜上的非共价结合的Spd可能通过维持ATPase活性的稳定来提高玉米幼苗的抗渗透胁迫能力。     

温度与膜脂脂肪酸对不同抗冷性玉米幼苗ATP酶的影响

我们以抗冷性不同的玉米幼苗（１—４级，抗冷性递减）为材料，研究了其线粒体ＡＴＰ酶在１１℃、２４℃的活力、温度变化时其活化能（Ｅａ）的突变温度以及线粒体膜脂脂肪酸组成。结果表明在１１℃条件下，ＡＴＰ酶活力随品种抗冷性增加而增强；酶活化能折，点温度随品种抗个性增加而降低，脂肪酸的不饱和指数随品种抗个性增加而增大。这说明膜脂不饱和度控制着ＡＴＰ酶的活力，Ｅａ的折点温度受膜流动性的影响并与品种抗冷性有关，我们认为ＡＴＰ酶Ｅａ的折点温度可作为玉米幼苗抗个性生化指标。另外通过玉米幼苗抗冷性锻炼表明：ＡＴＰ酶Ｅａ折点温度没变化，说明幼苗抗冷潜力很小。     

几丁质合成抑制剂类杀虫剂的发展和应用

本文重点介绍了苯酰基脲类、噻嗪酮这两类几丁质合成抑制剂类杀虫剂的发展概况和应用的有关杀虫特性及其目前在防治几类农作物害虫方面的应用情况,分析了其在应用方面的主要问题,并对其前景进行了讨论。     

Ultracytochemical Localization and Functional Analysis of ATPase During the Endosperm Development in Oryza sativa L.

Ultracytochemical localization of ATPase during development of rice endosperm was performed using a lead phosphate precipitation technique. The results indicated that, at the coenocyte and ceilularization stages, active ATPase was mainly distributed in an embryo sac wall, nucleus, and plasma membrane. At the early stage of development and differentiation, active ATPase was observed in the plasma membrane. At the grain filling stage, ATPase was highly active in the plasma membrane, intercellular space, and plasmodesmata in aleurone, moderately active on the plasma membrane in subaleurone. In starchy endosperm, ATPase was localized in the plasma membrane and degenerated nucleus. ATPase activity also appeared around vacuole and protein body in endosperm cell. The relationships between the ultracytochemical localization of ATPase and its function during the development of rice endosperm were discussed. Overall, ATPase was involved in the process of nutrition absorption and protein synthesis.     

根癌农杆菌Ⅵ型分泌系统关键组分ClpⅤ型ATPase基因表达及活性位点分析

细菌Ⅵ型分泌系统（type Ⅵ secretion system,T6SS）是近年发现的一种分布广泛且与细菌致病性密切相关的新型分泌系统,ClpⅤ型ATPase是不同细菌T6SS中均含有的关键保守组分,据推测可能为底物蛋白的分泌提供动力,但对其生化功能尚未进行深入鉴定。在本研究中,我们克隆了根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）C58中的ClpⅤ型ATPase基因atu4344并在大肠杆菌中表达,酶学检测证实了其ATPase活性,定点突变分析发现K232/608和E299/675突变体均丧失ATPase活性,表明Walker A模体和Walker B模体与其活性密切相关。这是首次对植物病原细菌T6SS中的ClpⅤ型ATPase进行生化鉴定和突变分析研究。     

一类新型植物生长延缓剂的作用机理及其应用

含有降冰片烯二氮杂环丁烯、三唑、嘧啶、吡啶和咪唑类结构的一类新型植物生长延缓剂,其共同的特征是在分子内杂环中的 sp~2杂化 N 上具有一对孤对电子。这对孤对电子作为第六配体结合到细胞色素 P-450内血红素铁上,代替了催化反应中所需的氧,导致某些依赖细胞色素P-450的单氧酶失活,并因此影响与 GA,ABA 和甾醇等有关的代谢途径,进而调节植物的生长和发育过程。因此,这类植物生长延缓剂在农林和园艺等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

Effects of preemergence and postemergence herbicides on urea hydrolysis and nitrification of urea nitrogen in soil

The influence of 5 and 50 mg active ingredient kg^-1 soil of nine preemergence and nine postemergence herbicides on transformations of urea N in soil was studied in samples of two coarse-textured and two fine-textured soils incubated aerobically at 20°C. The effects of each herbicide on soil urea transformations was measured by determining the amounts of urea hydrolyzed and the amounts of NO _inf3 ^sup- and NO _inf2 ^sup- produced at various times after treatment with urea. Applied at the rate of 5 mg active ingredient kg^-1 soil, none of the herbicides retarded urea hydrolysis in the four soils used, but four of the postemergence herbicides (acifluorfen, diclofop methyl, fenoxaprop ethyl) retarded urea hydrolysis in the two coarse-textured soils. All the herbicides tested except siduron retarded nitrification in the two coarse-textured soils when applied at 50 mg of urea N active ingredient kg^-1 soil, and fenoxaprop ethyl and tridiphane markedly retarded nitrification of urea N in all four of the soils when applied at this rate. One-way analysis of variance and correlation analyses indicated that the inhibitory effects of the 18 herbicides tested on nitrification of urea N in soil increased with a decrease in the organic-matter content and an increase in the sand content of the soil. Present address: Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA