马尾松褐斑病调查研究初报

松针褐斑病是马尾松的一种新的病害。调查发现在发病严重的湿地松林下及林缘的马尾松幼树已普遍感染松针褐斑病，发病率达６７．１％，个别发病严重的植株已濒临死亡。而在马尾松纯林调查中未发现马尾松褐斑病。马尾松褐斑病发生规律是春季为发病盛期，秋季为新叶发病期；病菌潜育期比湿地松上长一个月以上，病菌子实体产生的数量也比湿地松上产生的数量少的多。可见，马尾松是抗褐斑病较强的树种。     

Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak Investigation: Application of the FAO‐OIE‐WHO Four‐way Linking Framework in Indonesia

WHO, FAO and OIE developed a ‘four‐way linking’ framework to enhance the cross‐sectoral sharing of epidemiological and virological information in responding to zoonotic disease outbreaks. In Indonesia, outbreak response challenges include completeness of data shared between human and animal health authorities. The four‐way linking framework (human health laboratory/epidemiology and animal health laboratory/epidemiology) was applied in the investigation of the 193rd human case of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. As recommended by the framework, outbreak investigation and risk assessment findings were shared. On 18 June 2013, a hospital in West Java Province reported a suspect H5N1 case in a 2‐year‐old male. The case was laboratory‐confirmed that evening, and the information was immediately shared with the Ministry of Agriculture. The human health epidemiology/laboratory team investigated the outbreak and conducted an initial risk assessment on 19 June. The likelihood of secondary cases was deemed low as none of the case contacts were sick. By 3 July, no secondary cases associated with the outbreak were identified. The animal health epidemiology/laboratory investigation was conducted on 19–25 June and found that a live bird market visited by the case was positive for H5N1 virus. Once both human and market virus isolates were sequenced, a second risk assessment was conducted jointly by the human health and animal health epidemiology/laboratory teams. This assessment concluded that the likelihood of additional human cases associated with this outbreak was low but that future sporadic human infections could not be ruled out because of challenges in controlling H5N1 virus contamination in markets. Findings from the outbreak investigation and risk assessments were shared with stakeholders at both Ministries. The four‐way linking framework clarified the type of data to be shared. Both human health and animal health teams made ample data available, and there was cooperation to achieve risk assessment objectives.     

模糊综合评价法判断重庆花椒种植区土壤肥力水平

为揭示重庆花椒地土壤质量状况及空间特征,采集重庆主要花椒区45个土壤样品,测定pH值、容重、有机质、有效磷、碱解氮、速效钾、有效铜、有效锌、有效铁、有效锰、有效硼、有效钼、有效硫共13个指标,采用模糊综合评价法对土壤质量进行综合评价,并利用半变异函数分析各指标空间变异特征。结果表明:各养分指标变异系数范围为14.8%～171.4%,该区域养分含量分布很不均衡;有效磷、有效铁、有效硼、有效硫的空间相关性较弱,主要受随机性因素影响;有效锌和有效铁的隶属度最高,其值分别为0.89、0.91,有效硼和有机质的隶属度较低,其值为0.15、0.34,说明花椒地有效锌和有效铁含量较丰富,但有效铁和有机质含量较缺乏;整体上该区中等肥力水平占51.1%,中等偏上肥力水平占42.2%,中等偏下肥力水平占6.7%,土壤肥力综合指数的在空间上呈现球状半变异函数,拟合程度极高。     

Risk factors associated with mortalities attributed to infectious salmon anaemia virus in New Brunswick, Canada

Outbreaks of unexplained mortalities attributed to infectious salmon anaemia (ISA) were examined in the 1996 year class of Atlantic salmon in three regions of New Brunswick, Canada. A total of 218 net pens at 14 sites deemed to have been exposed to ISA virus (ISAV) were surveyed for mortality records and management, environmental and host characteristics. Based on definitions of mortality patterns, clinical ISA disease outbreaks occurred in 106 net pens. There were eight sites in which >50% of net pens experienced ISA outbreaks during the study period. Factors related to their potential role in transmission of virus to new sites or new net pens at the same site were identified as sea lice vectors, divers visiting multiple sites, sites belonging to companies with more than one site, exposure to other year classes at the site, and proximity to other infected net pens. Host resistance factors associated with greater risk of outbreaks were identified as larger groupings, general health following smolt transfer, stressful husbandry procedures during growout, and health or productivity during colder water periods. Despite very close proximity between sites, modification of these management factors would probably influence the severity of mortalities caused by ISAV.     

梨树腐烂病研究进展

梨树腐烂病（pear Valsa canker）是梨树的主要病害之一。综述了国内外在梨树腐烂病的发病症状、病原鉴定、致病力、病原菌侵染机理、病害发生流行规律及其防治技术等方面的研究进展,并探讨了该病害未来的研究方向与防治策略。     

刺参体内的新病原--一种球状病毒

2004年12月中下旬~2005年4月对辽宁沿海地区刺参越冬苗发病严重地区,进行了跟踪调查分析。调查结果显示,2004年刺参越冬苗发病比往年早,来势凶猛,持续时间长,流行面广,具较明显的流行病特征,病症异于往年,发病厂家达50%以上,部分地区超过80%,严重地区80%~90%;从患病参体内分离出2株优势细菌和一种新的球状病毒,经负染和超薄切片在电镜下观察,证实有大量球状病毒存于参体内。     

Efficient management of transportation logistics related to animal disease outbreaks

Vehicle routing is a key instrument to manage and control animal disease outbreaks. This paper focuses on an efficient, user-friendly and automatic procedure to manage transportation logistics to and between farms in the case of an outbreak. This procedure can be embedded into a veterinary geographical information system for the management and control of disease outbreaks. The transportation logistics for the problem at hand can be divided into two main transportation categories: (i) round itineraries, which are special cases of the travelling salesman problem, and (ii) one-to-one itineraries. Attention is given to the use of user-friendly, heuristic yet efficient algorithms for the determination of these itineraries. It is furthermore shown that the procedure is developed in such a way that the identified routes meet both national and international regulations in force during disease outbreaks.     

信阳茶园假眼小绿叶蝉发生特点及危害损失研究

本文通过系统调查研究信阳茶园假眼小绿叶蝉的发生规律，并利用网罩法测定了不同虫口密度对茶叶产量损失的影响。结果表明：假眼小绿叶蝉在信阳地区每年出现2个发生高峰，第1个出现在6月下旬至7月上中旬，第2个出现在9月上中旬；建立了不同虫口密度与产量损失的关系式为Y=0．2303X-0．5026和Y=0．2854X-0．8795（Y-产量损失；X-百叶虫数）。研究结果能为我们制定信阳地区假眼小绿叶蝉的预报预警和防控防治措施提供借鉴。     

多花黑麦草幼穗分化进程对种子生产性状的影响

两年分期播种试验结果表明，多花黑麦草幼穗分化进程对穗部性状和种子产量有显著影响。幼穗分化的天数与每穗种子粒数呈极显著正相关。播种愈早，幼穗分化天数愈多，种子产量愈高。南京地区留种的多花草麦草的最佳播期为８月２０日至９月１０日。二棱期是多花黑麦草通过春化阶段的形态标志，也是幼穗能否分化完全的转折点。单棱至护颖分化期是影响种子粒数最关键的时期。     

猫尾草的栽培管理初探

本文对猫尾草种植过程中的整地、单播、混播、灌溉、病虫害、刈割和施肥、轮作、种子及其生产方面的栽培管理等情况进行初步论述,结合国内实际情况提出了建设性建议。