咸水灌溉浅层土壤盐分运移规律

通过三年田间土壤盐分监测试验和模拟试验,重点研究了在偏重质地粘土土层结构和偏干旱气候试验条件下,咸水灌溉后1m土体内盐分的运移规律,为作物咸水灌溉提供科学依据,对浅层咸水资源开发用于农业灌溉具有重要意义.     

土壤粘附系统中粘土颗粒群的粘附特性

从土壤—水系统中粘土颗粒群的性质出发，进一步分析了土壤颗粒群的孔隙结构及其毛细孔道产生的抽吸力，研究了土壤对触土部件表面的粘附过程。结果表明：土壤粘附除了毛细管力、水膜粘滞力及初级化学键力外，粘土颗粒堆积形成的毛细孔道产生的抽吸势对土壤在触土部件表面的粘附有一定的贡献。压力及固体表面热力学因素的共同作用是粘附过程中土体表层颗粒重排及水分再分布的主要原因。     

Liquefaction Susceptibility of Soils With Clay Particles from Earthquake-induced Landslides

The main reason for earthquake-induced landslides is liquefaction of soil, a process considered to occur mostly in sandy soils. Liquefaction can occur in clayey soils has also been reported and proven in the recent literature, but liquefaction in clayey soils still remains unclear and there are many questions that need to be addressed. In order to address these questions, an depth study on the liquefaction potential of clayey soils was conducted on the basis of field investigation and a series of laboratory tests on the samples collected from the sliding surface of the landslides. The liquefaction potential of the soils was studied by means of undrained cyclic ring-shear tests. Research results show that the liquefaction potential of sandy soils is higher than that of clayey soils given the same void ratio; the soil resistance to liquefaction rises with an increase in plasticity for clayey soils; relation between plasticity index and the liquefaction potential of soil can be used in practical application to estimate the liquefaction potential of soil.     

根据土壤质地制定作物栽培方案

土壤质地是影响土壤肥力的一个极其重要的因素,土壤质地常常是决定土壤的蓄水、导水、保水、保温、通气、耕性等性能的主要因素之一,与作物栽培的关系十分密切,所以应根据土壤质地合理利用土壤才能充分发挥各项栽培技术的增产作用.     

油脂粘土

油脂工业应用粘土净化植物油,用后便废弃,其中约吸附30～50％的脂类化合物,其成分中含有甘油三硬脂酸脂、游离脂肪酸、磷脂类、色素、维生素。油脂粘土用作饲料添加剂才不久,经研究证明,活性沸石和膨润土可以作为日粮中常量和微量元素的来源。膨润土经过饲料冲压能获得酰胺浓缩物。应用净化植物油作猪、兔、鸡饲料的试验已取得成效。日粮中加入2～3％的油脂粘土,幼畜及肉用肥育畜的体重增加量可提高11～15％,耗饲量减少16～19％。饲喂漂白粘土剂量超过3％,导致进入体内的灰分元     

北京西山古土壤母质上发育的土壤之粘粒矿物与表面化学特性

为研究北京西山地区古土壤母质上发育的土壤的发生分类,用土壤化学和土壤物理的方法,分析了两个受古红色粘土影响的土壤之粘土矿物种类和表面化学特性.结果表明:粘土矿物种类主要为伊利石、伊利石/蒙皂石混层矿物,以及绿泥石和高岭石等.剖面上下层之间的粘粒全量组成和性质分异不明显,硅铝率为1.6～1.9, 和我国南方的红壤相似.土壤发育受红色粘土类成土母质影响较大,而受现代成土因素影响较弱.