西葫芦新品种晋早3号的选育

以自交系96012为母本,92028为父本,配制成早熟一代杂种西葫芦晋早3号。该品种生长势强,瓜条长棒形,浅绿色,结瓜性好,雌花多,瓜码密,可同时结瓜3～4个。总产量比早青一代增产13.3%～24.2%。抗病毒病、白粉病能力强。     

西葫芦春季露地栽培品种比较试验

在湖北荆州对6个西葫芦品种的早期产量、开花结果习性、果实商品性状进行了比较试验。结果表明，晶华南瓜的早期产量与早青一代（CK）无显著差别，但显著高于其它品种；晶华南瓜的开花结果习性、果实商品性状显著优于早青一代及其它品种。     

The influence of calcium on growth of selected vegetable species in the presence of ammonium nitrogen

Growth of cabbage (Brasslca oleracea L.), cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.), squash (Cucurbita pepo L.), chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)., radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L.) was enhanced when supplied with additional Ca in the presence of NH₄‐N over those with normal Ca. Ammonium uptake as measured by residual NH₄ in soil leachate was lowered indicating possible increased uptake in the presence of additional Ca.     

西葫芦新品种‘京葫CRV3’的选育

‘京葫CRV3’是北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心以‘05-13-15-9-8-20-1’为母本、‘06-10-5-13-11-16-8’为父本选育的高耐病毒病杂交西葫芦新品种。该品种早熟,植株长势强,茎蔓长。第1雌花着生在第6⁷节,瓜码密,连续坐瓜力强。商品瓜浅绿色带细网纹,光泽度好,中长柱形,瓜长227节,瓜码密,连续坐瓜力强。商品瓜浅绿色带细网纹,光泽度好,中长柱形,瓜长22²4 cm,直径724 cm,直径7⁸ cm,顺直均匀。单瓜质量400 g左右,667 m2产量约6 500 kg。植株耐寒、耐热性均好,不易早衰,适应性广,耐病毒病。适合南北方春、秋大棚和露地种植。     

苦参碱1.5％可溶液剂防治芹菜、苦瓜、西葫芦蚜虫效果研究

为了寻找安全高效防治芹菜、苦瓜、西葫芦蚜虫的生物农药,我们通过田间药效试验研究了苦参碱对芹菜、苦瓜、西葫芦蚜虫的防治效果.结果表明,苦参碱1.5％可溶液剂防治芹菜、苦瓜、西葫芦蚜虫,用量45、6.75、9.0g a.i./hm2,药后1、7、14d调查,芹菜蚜虫防效20.4％～24.1％、90.8％～96.8％、66.5％～86.7％;苦瓜蚜虫防效18.0％～23.7％、91.9％～95.6％、73.0％～87.7％;西葫芦蚜虫防效22.0％～25.6％、75.6％～79.6％、80.3％～84.5％.苦参碱1.5％可溶液剂对芹菜、苦瓜、西葫芦蚜虫具有良好的防治效果.     

西葫芦LAI动态模拟模型的初步建立与检验

对春提早、秋延后和越冬茬西葫芦的叶面积指数(LAI)及生育期的有效积温进行归一化处理,分别将最大的LAI和出苗至开花的有效积温定为1,以相对LA(I0～1)和相对有效积温(0～1)为参数,进行LAI动态模拟,筛选、建立了一个适用于这3个茬口西葫芦的相对LAI动态模拟模型:y=(a+bx)(/1+cx+dx2)。其中,春提早为y=(-0.040 0+0.087 5x)/(1-1.473 8x+0.588 2x2)(r=0.992 2**,n=50);秋延后为y=(0.035 5+0.060 0x)(/1-1.390 5x+0.543 1x2)(r=0.991 9**,n=22);越冬茬为y=(-0.046 4+0.146 4x)(/1-1.377 9x+0.559 0x2)(r=0.988 7**,n=70)。准确度(以k表示)分别为0.999 6,1.000 7和1.000 5,精确度(以R2表示)分别为0.983 9,0.982 3和0.976 9。西葫芦LAI动态模型从三叶一心期就能够比较准确地进行西葫芦LAI动态预测。     

痕量灌溉技术在日光温室西葫芦栽培上的应用研究

以西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)为材料,微喷灌溉为对照,研究痕量灌溉管不同埋深对日光温室春季西葫芦生长、产量和水分生产效率的影响,结果表明,痕量灌溉管不同埋深处理后对西葫芦的生长影响无差异性;与对照相比,埋深6、12 cm 2个处理的西葫芦叶片蒸腾速率分别降低了1.26、1.72 mmol(H2O)/(m2·s),叶片净光合速率分别提高了1.40、1.09μmol(CO2)/(m2·s),果实有机酸含量分别降低了17.2%、6.9%;微喷灌溉的果实VC含量分别比2个处理降低了32.7%、30.5%。在0~6 cm深基质里含水量高低表现为微喷灌溉痕量灌溉管埋深6 cm痕量灌溉管埋深12 cm,在6~12 cm深基质里含水量高低表现为微喷灌溉痕量灌溉管埋深12 cm痕量灌溉管埋深6 cm;痕量灌溉管埋深6、12 cm的处理其667 m2的耗水量分别比微喷灌溉下降了65.7%、61.7%,水分生产效率分别增加了102.4%、88.1%。综合产量、耗水量等经济因素,西葫芦基质栽培的痕量管埋深以6 cm为宜。     

Fruit Yield and Quality,and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Summer Squash Drip-Irrigated with Different Irrigation Quantities in a Semi-Arid Agricultural Area

Fruit yield, yield components, fruit mineral content, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of summer squash responses to different irrigation quantities were evaluated with a field study. Irrigations were done when the total evaporated water from a Class A pan was about 30 mm. Different irrigation quantities were adjusted using three different plant-pan coefficients (Kcp, 100% (Kcp1), 85% (Kcp2) and 70% (Kcp3)). Results indicated that lower irrigation quantities provided statistically lower yield and yield components. The highest seasonal fruit yield (80.0 t ha⁻¹) was determined in the Kcp1 treatment, which applied the highest volume of irrigation water (452.9 mm). The highest early fruit yield, average fruit weight and fruit diameter, length and number per plant were also determined in the Kcp1 treatment, with values of 7.25 t ha⁻¹, 264.1 g, 5.49 cm, 19.95 cm and 10.92, respectively. Although the IWUE value was the highest in the Kcp1 treatment (176.6 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹), it was statistically similar to the value for Kcp3 treatment (157.1 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fruits was higher in the Kcp1 (44.27 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) mg⁻¹ fresh sample) and in the Kcp2 (84.75%) treatments, respectively. Major (Na, N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and trace (Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B) mineral contents of squash fruits were the highest in the Kcp2 treatment, with the exception of P, Ca and Cu. Mineral contents and total phenolic content were significantly affected by irrigation quantities, but antioxidant activity was not affected. It can be concluded that the Kcp1 treatment was the most suitable for achieving higher yield and IWUE. However, the Kcp2 treatment will be the most suitable due to the high fruit quality and relatively high yield in water shortage conditions.     

西葫芦根腐病病原菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)的生物学特性研究

烟草疫霉菌Phytophthora nicotianare是山西省西葫芦根腐病的主要病原,采用致病菌的室内培养方法研究了西葫芦根腐病病原烟草疫霉菌。结果表明,菌丝生长和产生孢子囊的最适温度27℃,最适pH 6,最适培养基为燕麦培养基。黑暗不利于烟草疫霉产生孢子囊。