银叶粉虱发生的指示植物——西葫芦银叶

本文通过对银叶粉虱数量、龄期、光照时数和品种对西葫芦银叶表达影响的研究，提出了确认银叶粉虱发生的规范生物学方法。     

Effectiveness of whey against zucchini squash and cucumber powdery mildew

The effectiveness of whey against powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) of cucumber and zucchini squash was tested in greenhouse experiments. Plants were sprayed once or twice a week with whey at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% in water. Severity of powdery mildew was estimated weekly by visual assessment of individual leaves and scored as percentage of leaf area affected. Effectiveness of treatments did not differ significantly when applied weekly compared to twice a week. In each instance, powdery mildew severity correlated negatively with whey concentration. For cucumber, the rate of the disease progress in the control ranged from 0.45 to 0.75. Disease progressed more slowly in plants treated with 25–30% whey than when lower concentrations were used. The rate of disease progress varied from 0.12 to 0.33 in plants treated once a week and from 0.13 to 0.17 when applied twice a week. Similar tendencies were observed for zucchini, but disease progressed more rapidly and the final disease severity was higher than in cucumber. Effectiveness of whey applied twice a week at concentrations of 15–30% did not differ significantly among treatments; in these treatments the rate of disease progress was about 0.23 and significantly higher than the value for the water controls (about 0.80). Plants treated with 30% whey often exhibited symptoms of phytotoxicity. The data indicated that whey effectively controlled powdery mildew in cucumber and zucchini. Further studies are needed to optimize the concentration and timing of whey applications for mildew management in commercial crops.     

南瓜疫病菌(Phytophthora capsici)的生物学特性初探

以南瓜疫病菌株ＰＣ－１为研究对象，分析其生物学特性。结果表明，不同培养基对菌丝生长影响不同，菌丝在葫萝卜琼脂（ＣＡ）培养基上生长要好于燕麦片琼脂（ＯＭＡ）培养基。孢子囊的产生需要有水分，同时也受温度、光照、培养基及菌龄的影响。在一定温度范围内，温度升高，孢子囊产生的速度加快且数量多，光照有利于孢子囊的产生，１０℃以下无论有无光照均不产生孢子囊。     

西葫芦蔓枯病、黑星病、灰霉病、褐腐病、曲霉病和镰刀菌果腐病的识别与防治

介绍了西葫芦蔓枯病、黑星病、灰霉病、褐腐病、曲霉病和镰刀菌果腐病的危害症状、发病特点,提出了以种植抗病品种为基础,加强栽培管理,提高抗病能力,辅以药剂保护的综合防治方法。为提高西葫芦的产量和品质提供了一定的理论依据。     

西葫芦新品种济葫1号的选育

济葫1号母本高L131来源于太行山区花叶西葫芦,父本中QL2311来源于美国西葫芦PS4094。济葫1号植株生长旺盛,株型紧凑,矮蔓,早熟。瓜绿色,果面光滑、有光泽,嫩瓜长22.0cm左右、直径5.5cm左右。粗细均匀,品质佳。每公顷产量90t左右,抗病毒病、白粉病、蔓枯病,适于早春茬、秋冬茬及越冬茬栽培。     

西葫芦新品种晋园2号的选育

晋园2号西葫芦是以国外引进品种自交系A132-8-5为母本,东北地方品种奇山2号自交系J246-6-4为父本配制而成的一代杂种.早熟,矮生,植株生长旺盛,第1雌花节位在第6～7节,瓜码密.瓜条长棒状,瓜皮淡绿色,表面有棱,瓜形指数3.2.一般产量3000～3 500kg·(667m2)-1,适宜保护地栽培.     

保护地西葫芦新品种‘银碟1号’

 ‘银碟1号’是新育成的适合保护地栽培的中早熟西葫芦一代杂种，生育期约50 d；果实呈白色飞碟状，边缘波浪形，直径15～25 cm，瓜厚5～8 cm，单瓜质量200～400 g，维生素C含量较高，肉厚籽少；生长势强，较抗病毒病，较耐低温和弱光；老瓜可用作观赏。     

B型烟粉虱若虫龄期和虫数与西葫芦银叶率的关系

通过B型烟粉虱虫龄、虫数和不同西葫芦品种对西葫芦银叶表达影响的研究表明:2头以上的2龄若虫刺吸危害,西葫芦就可以出现银叶症状.在进行试验的6个西葫芦品种中,金玉对B型烟粉虱的危害表现出良好的抗性.     

南瓜栽培品种的SSR分子标记分析及农艺性状多样性研究

为了研究南瓜栽培品种的遗传多样性,本研究利用43个简单序列重复(SSR)分子标记,对35份南瓜育成品种及地方品种进行了分子标记分析,并调查了农艺性状。结果表明,43个SSR标记均能扩增出多态性条带,共检测到155个等位基因,平均每个标记能检测到3.6个等位基因,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.130 8~0.775 4,平均值为0.487 2。利用非加权组平均法(UPGMA)进行聚类分析,结果表明35份材料可分为三大类,分别与中国南瓜、印度南瓜和美洲南瓜三个种吻合,且印度南瓜与美洲南瓜之间的亲缘关系较近。农艺性状调查结果表明,不同栽培种之间以及同一栽培种内的不同品种之间,都发现有农艺性状差别明显的情况。本研究为南瓜种质资源的保护、品种指纹图谱的建立及分子育种提供了理论依据。     

快速提取籽用南瓜基因组DNA方法的研究

为快速高效提取作物基因组DNA,以南瓜品种为试材,对籽用南瓜基因组DNA的快速、高效提取方法进行研究,并对产物进行紫外分光光度计和琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析。结果表明：通过对CTAB改良后提取的基因组DNA结构较完整,杂质较少,浓度较高,可经纯化直接用于进一步的PCR等分子生物学研究。