覆膜条件下铁改性磷负载生物炭对花生磷素利用及产量的影响

为探究覆膜条件下铁改性磷负载生物炭对花生植株磷素利用及产量的影响，该研究于2021和2022年设置盆栽裂区试验，研究不同覆膜方式(覆膜处理(M1)和无膜处理(M0))下，铁改性磷负载生物炭处理(常规施磷量+无生物炭处理(P1C0)、3/4常规施磷量+7.5 t/hm²铁改性磷负载生物炭处理(P2C1)、3/4常规施磷量+15 t/hm²铁改性磷负载生物炭处理(P2C2)、2/3常规施磷量+7.5 t/hm²铁改性磷负载生物炭(P3C1)、2/3常规施磷量+15 t/hm²铁改性磷负载生物炭(P3C2))对花生植株叶绿素含量、净光合速率、干物质积累量、磷素利用、土壤有效磷含量及花生产量的影响。研究结果表明，与M0处理相比，M1处理下花生苗期、花针期、结荚期和饱果期叶绿素含量与净光合速率分别提高了7.6%和29.1%、12.4%和25.9%、14.9%和16.0%、6.5%和14.8%，饱果期干物质积累量和产量分别提高了17.7%和18.8%(2 a平均)。同一覆膜方式下，从苗期至饱果期，花生净光合速率...     

三氟甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物的合成和分子结构

合成了两个三氟甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物（１、２），用ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＭＳ和元素分析作表征；用ＡＭ１方法计算了它们的电子结构，并根据计算结果给出了几何构型。     

“永林公司”不同森林经营模式林分结构比较研究

对“永林公司”经营区9种森林经营模式林分结构比较研究,结果表明：应用Weibull分布、正态分布、对数正态分布、贝塔分布、伽玛分布等方法,对9种不同经营模式下的林分直径分布进行拟合,贝塔分布拟合效果较为理想,说明由于受到了人为的干扰破坏,林分结构发生了显著的变化.林分总体混交度均小于0.8,林分结构的均匀程度要优于整齐程度,在样地中封禁保护模式、集约经营模式的均匀度已经十分接近5,也就是接近一般均匀林的程度.     

松嫩草原火干扰状况研究

松嫩草原自然状态下火周期为４年，最易着火的季节—时间是每年４月和１０月，以４月份最为敏感。松嫩草原火提高的地下０．５ｃｍ处土壤温度与燃掉的可燃物量成直线正相关。燃烧指数以每年的４月份最高，大于６０，形成炙热速进火。草原火管理工作中，应着重加强对每年４月份的警戒。     

有机,无机肥料配合施用对地膜棉田土壤微生物及生化特性的影响

主要研究了有机、无机肥料的配合施用对地膜棉田土壤微生物及生化特性的影响，结果表明：施肥对地膜棉田土壤微生物有较大影响，其中，有机、无机肥料配合施用的影响尤为显著，可增加微生物总数，有益的氮素生理群微生物的数量，降低反硝化细菌的数量。土壤呼吸强度、纤维素分解强度等体现微生物活性的生化过程强度指标均有所增长。     

The estimation of losses of potassium and magnesium from chalky soils in southern England: laboratory studies

Abstract. Ten chalk topsoils (0-25 cm) were repacked into columns in the laboratory. After leaching similar to one year's throughflow in the field, loss of K was equivalent to between 9 and 74kg K/ha. This represented between 3 and 30% of the initial exchangeable K with which loss was poorly correlated. Loss was dependant on the soil solution concentration and was inversely proportional to potassium buffer power.
The loss of magnesium in the same columns was between 10 and 22 kg Mg/ha (6-21% of the initial exchangeable Mg). Magnesium loss was poorly correlated with exchangeable Mg.
When KCl fertilizer was incorporated into the soils, the increase in leaching of potassium was 1–35% of the K addition. Application to the top of the column resulted in less leaching than when the K was incorporated. Leaching of magnesium was increased by up to 5 kg Mg/ha.
Potassium leaching may be delayed by the underlying A/C horizon but pure chalk, with an extremely low buffer power for K, has little ability to retain K. Extremely calcareous topsoils were the most leaky although in practice it is the organic chalk soils on which it is most difficult to attain adequate K levels. On all chalk soils, maintenance of a high K level with K fertilizer is likely to cause unnecessary long-term leaching losses. Annual, rather than biennial, fertilizer applications are to be preferred.     

突脉青冈群落学结构特征研究

突脉青冈是珍贵的用材树种之一．本文通过应用点——四分法进行样地的群落调查，测定了群落８种主要树种的重要值，并对群落的结构和动态进行了分析和研究．研究结果表明突脉青冈群落比较稳定，处于生长成熟期     

校园网设计与规划

随着我国高教规模的不断扩大,计算机及网络技术的大量运用成为必然.目前各高校大都建成了自己的校园网络.数字校园网建设是一项复杂的系统工程,从系统的规划设计到实施运行都需要考虑多方面问题.     

Use of an electromagnetic technique to determine sodicity in saline-sodic soils

Soil sodicity is an increasing problem in arid‐land irrigated soils that decreases soil permeability and crop production and increases soil erosion. The first step towards the control of sodic soils is the accurate diagnosis of the severity and spatial extent of the problem. Rapid identification and large‐scale mapping of sodium‐affected land will help to improve sodicity management. We evaluated the effectiveness of electromagnetic induction (EM) measurements in identifying, characterizing and mapping the spatial variability of sodicity in five saline‐sodic agricultural fields in Navarre (Spain). Each field was sampled at three 30‐cm soil depth increments at 10–30 sites for a total of 267 soil samples. The number of Geonics‐EM38 measurements in each field varied between 161 and 558, for a total of 1258 ECa (apparent electrical conductivity) readings. Multiple linear regression models established for each field predicted the average profile ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio of the saturation extract) from ECa. Despite the lack of a direct causal relationship between ECa and SAR, EM measurements can be satisfactorily used for characterizing the spatial distribution of soil sodicity if ECe and SAR are significantly auto‐correlated. These results provide ancillary support for using EM measurements to indirectly characterize the spatial distribution of saline‐sodic soils. More research is needed to elucidate the usefulness of EM measurements in identifying soil sodicity in a wider range of salt and/or sodium‐affected soils.     

Effects of different land use types on infiltration capacity in a catchment in the highlands of Ethiopia

Infiltration capacity is an important variable for understanding and predicting a range of soil processes. This study investigated for different slope positions the effects of forest conversion to cultivation and grazing on soil infiltration capacity. Infiltration capacity was measured in the field in each land use type using a double‐ring infiltrometer. A total of 108 soil samples (3 slope positions × 3 land use types × 4 soil profiles × 3 soil depths) were collected to determine the variables that affect infiltration capacity viz. particle size distribution, organic carbon content, dry bulk density and soil moisture content. The results showed that in the cultivated and grazed land compared with forest, infiltration capacity and soil moisture content were 70 and 45% smaller respectively, and dry bulk density was 13–20% larger. Changes in soil structure caused by surface soil compaction because of tillage and animal trampling coupled with a smaller soil organic carbon content, are likely to be the principal factors causing the decline in infiltration capacity and soil moisture content after conversion of forest to cultivation and grazing.