辽宁杨树主要病虫害的识别及防治

文章对辽宁省杨树速生丰产林建设发展中经常遇到的病虫害进行了介绍，并重点阐述了发生在杨树上的主要种类蒙古象甲、黑绒金龟、白杨透翅蛾、杨干象、青杨天牛、光肩星天牛、杨树溃疡病、杨树腐烂病、杨树黑斑病的形态识别、危害部位和防治方法等。     

A Review of Fine Root Dynamics in Populus Plantations

Production of native and hybridized varieties of Populus has received considerable interest in temperate regions as an alternative to agricultural crops and an additional wood source, while acting as a potential carbon (C) sink to offset emissions of fossil fuel-based greenhouse gases. Research of root system dynamics in Populus species is expanding, however, our understanding of the nature and role of fine roots (FR) is incomplete. The study objective, therefore, was to review the literature regarding FR production, mortality and longevity in Populus, and evaluate the magnitude and significance of the FR fraction to C sequestration. FRs, conventionally defined as less than 2 mm in diameter and responsible for water and nutrient uptake, are an essential component of the tree. Populus FRs are relatively short-lived, with reported lifespans ranging from 30 to 300 days, depending on root diameter, tree species and age, and soil environmental factors. Standing FR biomass fluctuates throughout the growing season. Fine root production generally peaks in mid-summer, and ranges between 1.0 and 5.0 mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while FR mortality has less seasonal amplitude. Production and mortality dynamics in Populus are highly plastic in response to soil environmental conditions, and although opposing conclusions have been proposed, research suggests soil moisture and nitrogen to be most important. Results from the literature indicate annual FR turnover to the soil C pool may be small (0.2–1.6 mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but substantial in maintaining or enhancing C levels in natural and managed stands of Populus.     

杨树嫁接苗生长量与伐根直径及嫁接株数关系的研究

为了搞清杨树嫁接苗成活率和生长量与伐根直径及嫁接株数的关系 ,对杂交杨伐根嫁接冀秦 1号杨、冀秦 2号杨、冀秦 3号杨、山海关杨、加杨、 1- 2 14杨进行了研究。结果表明 :接穗品种虽不同但同属黑杨派 ,其嫁接在相同伐根上的成活率及胸径生长量均无显著差异 ;在本研究范围内 ,嫁接株数对嫁接苗的生长量产生显著的影响 ,而伐根直径及其交互作用对其影响不显著 ;伐根直径在 15～ 2 5cm时以嫁接 3株为宜 ,在 2 6～ 30cm时可嫁接 4株     

杨树苗木萌动后造林对成活率的影响

春季杨树苗木枝叶萌动后进行栽植,直接影响造林成活率,萌动时间愈长,造林成活率越低,所以,春季营造杨树,应选择在苗木萌动前栽植。     

74杨和35杨的引种

从意大利引进的欧美杨无性系74杨及美洲黑杨无性系35杨,4年生材积分别达到0.3031、0.3256立方米,超过对照72杨的16.4%和25%,并超过了它们在意大利的生长量,现已正常开花结实.同时,具有易扦插繁殖、造林成活率高、不感染严重病虫害的优良特性,可以在气候温暖的地区进一步开展无性系区域试验,以便为大规模推广提供科学依据.     

速生杨二步超低酸水解液发酵制取燃料乙醇的研究

以速生杨二步超低酸水解方法获得的水解液为原料,在28℃、100 r/min等发酵条件下,选择热带假丝酵母(C.2.637)和酿酒酵母(S.2.699)分别对第一步和第二步水解液进行了发酵制取燃料乙醇的研究,并考查了Ca(OH)2中和、过中和、活性炭吸附等预处理方法及菌种预适应驯化对乙醇转化率的影响。结果表明:热带假丝酵母能够更好地利用第一步水解液生成菌体,适合生产单细胞蛋白;菌种驯化后发酵速度和乙醇转化率均有提高,尤其是以酿酒酵母发酵第二步水解液,乙醇转化率由14.45%增至39.37%;Ca(OH)2过中和的方法处理后的水解液,乙醇转化率有所增加;以五碳糖为主同时含有六碳糖的速生杨第一步水解液,假丝酵母发酵产乙醇的效果好于酿酒酵母。     

湖北省南方型杨树标准材积表的编制

根据31块标准地每木调查和树干解析资料,分别采用10个材积方程进行回归拟合,通过相关程度与标准差比较,以及回归方程与回归系数的显著性检验,选出了南方型杨树标准材积表的方程模型:V=0.0000383707D~(1.672)H~(1.247),经检验,据此编制的立木二元材积表基本满足精度要求,可以在生产中加以使用。     

The effects of poplar (P. trichocarpa × deltoides) on soil biological properties in a silvoarable system

A silvoarable experimental site in Buckinghamshire, England combined rows of poplar trees with an arable rotation. Soil properties were investigated using soil carbon and the bodysize of invertebrates. Four years after establishment, the soil within and 1 m from the tree rows has significantly higher soil organic matter and invertebrate populations. These effects do not extend far beyond the crown diameter.     

杨木前处理对活性染料渗透性的影响

染液在木材中的移动和渗透是木材深度染色的关键.分别采用热水浸提、烧碱、过氧化氢等试剂对染色前的杨木进行染色前处理.实验结果表明:三种方法都可以不同程度提高杨木的染色深度,其中烧碱对提高染液渗透深度影响最大.较优前处理工艺条件为:烧碱用量8 g/L,碱液温度90~95℃,前处理时间2 h.与未进行前处理的试件对照,染料纵向渗透深度提高48.0%,横向渗透深度提高43.7%.     

四种混交林类型对杨扇舟蛾控制作用的研究

试验表明 :块状混交模式是控制杨扇舟蛾的最佳混交模式 ;在块状混交模式下 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型为最佳混交类型 ;在块状混交模式的 3种混交比例中 ,杨×槐、杨×桐两种混交类型对杨扇舟蛾的控制作用差异不显著