黑龙江省大豆疫霉菌生理小种鉴定及大豆种质的抗性评价

 研究大豆疫霉菌生理小种、大豆种质资源的抗病性和耐病性,旨在为有效的病害防治奠定基础。对来源于黑龙江省5个县(市)和1个国营农场的18个大豆疫霉菌分离物进行生理小种鉴定,共鉴别出5个大豆疫霉菌生理小种,其中两个小种的毒力公式分别为7和6,7,与国际上已报道的1号和13号小种相同,另外3个小种为未报道的新小种,1号小种为佳木斯优势生理小种。在145份黑龙江省大豆种质中,有10个选育品种、6个地方品种和19个育成品系抗1号小种,占鉴定资源的24.14%,其中地方品种中抗病材料仅为10.00%,这表明黑龙江省大豆抗性资源相对较少。在鉴定的选育品种和地方品种中未发现高耐品种。     

铝胁迫对花生吸收氮、磷、钙的影响

以６个不同耐铝性花生品种进行溶液培养试验,研究Ａｌ胁迫对花生苗期植株营养元素吸收的影响。结果表明,铝胁迫条件下,植株对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｃａ的吸收与铝胁迫浓度呈极显著负相关,植株Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｃａ的吸收量为高耐型品种〉中耐型品种〉敏感型品种。与之相反,随Ａｌ 度的增加植株对Ａｌ的吸收量明显的增加,植株Ａｌ吸收量为敏感型品种〉中耐型品种〉高耐型品种。     

ERF转录因子新成员JERF3提高百合的耐盐性

以麝香百合鳞片愈伤组织为受体,通过对农杆菌浓度、培养时间及抗生素敏感性的比较试验,建立了农杆菌介导的麝香百合愈伤组织遗传转化的优化体系,并利用该体系将ERF转录因子JERF3基因导入百合中,通过PCR、RT-PCR及Southern blot检测,证明JERF3已整合到百合基因组中并在转录水平上表达。对T0代转基因株系耐盐性鉴定表明,与未经转化的对照相比,转基因百合的耐盐性能明显提高,说明JERF3基因的超表达能有效提高转基因百合抵抗盐害的能力。     

野生马蔺中和抗性有关基因片段的分离与初步分析

野生植物是宝贵资源,在生物多样性、保护生态环境和遗传育种等众多领域具有重要意义。本研究以马蔺为材料,利用保守区域序列,设计简并引物进行PCR扩增,从马蔺当中分离了一些cDNA片段,通过比较发现,其中部分片段和抗逆性有关,此结果为今后充分利用丰富的野生植物资源奠定了基础。     

锌胁迫对菖蒲抗氧化酶活性和富集特性的影响

试验研究了不同Zn~(2+)浓度(0,100,200,500,1000 mg kg~(-1))对菖蒲的外部形态和体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)3种抗氧化酶随土壤中Zn~(2+)浓度的变化以及菖蒲对土壤中Zn~(2+)富集效果。结果表明:(1)在处理浓度Zn~(2+)200 mg kg~(-1)时,三种酶的活性与对照值相比有明显的提高,植株未出现明显的外伤症状,叶片中叶绿素含量上升,未对菖蒲表现出明显的负面影响;(2)当Zn~(2+)200 mg kg~(-1)时三种酶的活性开始出现下降,下降程度与受污染的程度正相关,菖蒲出现明显外伤症状并加剧,叶片叶绿素含量不断下降,叶片中丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸的含量不断上升,细胞质膜透性逐渐增加。(3)菖蒲体内Zn~(2+)含量的分布规律均为根(地下部分)茎、叶(地上部分),菖蒲各器官Zn~(2+)浓度随着处土壤浓度增加而升高。(4)四种土壤酶活性都随着Zn~(2+)浓度的增加而不断下降。菖蒲可用于轻度锌污染土壤修复。     

Effect of tolerance to Septoria tritici blotch on grain yield,yield components and grain quality in Argentinean wheat cultivars

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Mycosphaerella graminicola) is a major disease of wheat worldwide due to significant losses in grain yield and quality. Disease tolerance is the ability to maintain yield performance in the presence of disease symptoms. Therefore, it could be a useful tool in the management of the disease. Although it is known, that there is disease tolerance to STB in some wheat cultivars, this aspect has not been studied among Argentinean cultivars. The aims of this study were to evaluate genotypic differences in tolerance to STB among Argentinean cultivars, considering the relationship between the area under disease progress curve or the green leaf area or the non-green leaf area duration with the grain yield. In addition the effect of the disease on yield, yield components, test weight, grain protein concentration, wet and dry gluten concentration and the influence of tolerance on these traits was investigated. Field experiments were carried out with ten cultivars in a split-split-plot design during 2010 and 2011. Inoculation treatments were the main plots and cultivars, the subplots. STB significantly reduced grain yield, their components, test weight and increase grain protein and gluten concentration. Cultivar Baguette 10 showed major tolerance to STB, indicated by a consistent low regression slope between the green area duration and yield, while Klein Chaja was non-tolerant due to a high regression slope. However, many cultivars such as Buck Brasil, Buck 75 Aniversario, Klein Escorpion and Klein Flecha had considerably similar regression slopes to Baguette 10, provided good levels of tolerance. Other cultivars presented no significant differences. The correlation coefficient between tolerance and grain yield potential was not significant, suggesting that tolerant high-yielding cultivars can be obtained. No relationship was found between quality group or tolerance with the increase in protein and gluten concentration due to STB either.     

植物重金属耐受分子机理的研究进展

重金属污染对我国经济发展、人身健康造成重大负面影响,已经成为当今研究热点.综述了近年来植物对重金属耐受分子机理的研究进展,从植物对重金属的吸收、转运及隔离在液泡中等过程的发生的多种相关蛋白的应答.通过基因工程方法调控这些蛋白编码基因表达,来提高植物对重金属耐受性,降低重金属对植物的毒害.     

盐度、pH和温度对金钱鱼幼鱼存活的影响

[目的]研究盐度、pH和温度对金钱鱼幼鱼存活的影响,为金钱鱼的养殖提供科学依据.[方法]采取突变试验研究了盐度、pH和温度对金钱鱼幼鱼存活的影响.[结果]金钱鱼幼鱼耐受盐度范围为0 ～ 50‰,最高起始致死盐度为54‰.耐受pH范围为5.0 ～9.7,最高和最低起始致死pH分别为9.9和4.4.耐受温度范围为16 ～ 39℃,最高和最低起始致死温度范围为40和15℃.[结论]金钱鱼幼鱼耐酸能力和耐低盐能力较高,对低温的耐受力较弱,适合在中国南方养殖.     

耐涝 高产 稳产夏谷新品种沧谷5号的选育

沧谷5号是沧州市农林科学院经过多年连续定向选择培育的夏谷新品种,其杂交组合为济8787×水2,2013年12月通过了国家谷子品种鉴定委员会鉴定（鉴定编号：国鉴谷2013014）。2012—2013年国家夏谷品种区域试验,平均产量为4828．5kg／hm2,较对照增产4．6％,其中试点最高增产率为24．3％;区域适应度平均为76．2％,其中2013年高达90．0％。2013年国家夏谷品种生产试验,平均产量为4945．5kg／hm2,较对照增产8．9％;区域适应度为85．7％。沧谷5号不仅具有高产潜力,稳产性好,而且耐涝性突出,抗谷瘟病,白发病和线虫病的发病率低于对照,并在第十届全国优质食用粟评选中被评为二级优质米。     

Comparative Experiments of Potato Resistance to Potato Late Bright in Zhaotong City

为选择高产、优质、抗马铃薯晚疫病良种,昭阳区松杉村开展了3年6个马铃薯品种对比试验,筛选出新品种PB06,值得大面推广应用。