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11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(7):668-676
The aim of this study was to investigate to which extent forestry professionals, other “green” professionals (mainly landscape architects) and natural resource students in Denmark agree with the general population regarding their recreational preferences for contrasting stem densities in young, even-aged stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). The study was based on five pairs of colour photographs from each of the five recently thinned experimental plots in a 13-year-old stand. The plots represented five different residual stem densities: 7000 (unthinned), 5300 (traditional thinning), 1000, 300 and 100 stems ha?1. All cut trees were left on the ground. The analysis was carried out as a survey of forest and landscape experts (n=158) and the general public (n=243) based on questionnaires. Interviewees ranked the photographs according to the criterion: “Which forest environment do you prefer as a visitor?” Principal component factor analysis showed that the general public tended to perceptually group photos according to similar overall pattern of openness, presence of row structure and stand accessibility (including presence/absence of slash). As long as a stand appeared accessible, stand density had little influence on their preferences for a wide range of stand densities (5300?300 stems ha?1). In contrast, foresters, other “green” professionals and students seemed to perceptually group photos according to treatment type, and the presence of slash had little influence on their preferences. This suggests an influence of professional background, making experts visually analyse and evaluate stands according to contemporary management standards and paradigms within their own profession. 相似文献
12.
Tobias Plieninger 《Landscape Ecology》2006,21(1):91-105
Mediterranean agroforestry landscapes, dehesas, experience significant structural changes that affect their ability to support
habitats for a rich biodiversity. The goal of this study is to provide quantitative information on loss, fragmentation, and
alteration of holm oak (Quercus ilex) stands over a 42-year period, based on two sites in the lowlands of Cáceres province, Spain. Aerial photography and orthoimages
from 1956, 1984, and 1998 were processed in a geographic information system (GIS). Important changes in demography and land-use
were rural depopulation, abandonment of traditional agricultural activities, and a sharp increase in livestock stocking levels.
These were related to intensification and extensification of land-uses determined by national and EU agricultural policies.
Results of the land cover analysis indicated that dehesas suffered an annual 0.27% and 0.04% decrease in cover in the two
sites. From 1984 loss rate had markedly accelerated (0.83% and 0.30%). Most dehesas were lost by shrub encroachment or conversion
to open grassland. Fragmentation through roads increased by 28% and 45%, while rural buildings decreased by 17% and 50% from
1956 to 1998. Mean tree density decreased from 1956 to 1984, but a recovery was found since 1984. Significant factors determining
stand densities in most time points were altitude (related with different land-uses and geological substrates), ownership,
and proximity to villages. This suggests that stand structure is controlled both by human interventions and ecological settings.
The findings support the view that opposite trends of land abandonment and intensification of land-uses arise in most northern
Mediterranean countries as an effect of the EU Common Agricultural Policy. 相似文献
13.
Cécile Robin Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(5):465-475
Forty eight isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from various host plants in France (35 isolates) and in other countries were tested for pathogenicity. Seedlings of chestnut, northern red oak, pine and eucalyptus were infected by soil contamination. Taproots, stems and bark strips of plants of chestnut and different oak species were inoculated with mycelium agar disks. Results of the different experiments were in good agreement. All isolates appeared pathogenic to all the different test species but with variable levels of virulence. Isolates with consistent low or high level of virulence, which could be used as standards in further studies, were identified. Interaction between P. cinnamomi isolates and host plant species was significant in terms of lesion lengths. These interactions could not be related to host from which P. cinnamomi was isolated. Consistent with this, in Quercus rubra, the isolate-provenance interaction was not significant. This feature is encouraging for provenance screening for resistance to P. cinnamomi in this species. The variation in virulence was not related to other isolate characteristics (mating type, electrophoretic type, age). 相似文献
14.
从柳叶栎原产地美国宾夕法尼亚、田纳西、阿肯色和路易斯安娜等4个州引进9个柳叶栎种源,于1999年分别在江苏东海县、宜兴市等地进行造林试验,对试验林进行了8 a观测,调查了造林当年成活率和3 a时保存率,测定了树高、地径、幅冠等生长指标。结果表明,9个不同种源间生长有显著差异,其树高、地径和冠幅的遗传变异系数分别为8.26%~11.42%,14.14%~18.9%和5.9%~13.6%。1~8 a时,柳叶栎种源的树高和地径年际间相关显著,具有早期选择潜力。按综合指数评定法,初选出9818号和9817号2个综合性状表现好的优良种源,其树高和地径比参试种源平均值增加10.6%和13.9%。 相似文献
15.
The correlation between the anthocyanin concentrations of seven Acer palmatum Thunb. cultivars and the chromaticity values a*, b*, a*/b* ratio, h° and L* was investigated. According to the position of leaves on the branch terminal, middle and base sample leaves were analyzed and the positional effect on the level of the major anthocyanin was estimated. Leaf color was measured with a portable colorimeter and individual anthocyanins were detected with the use of HPLC–MS. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was present in all senescing leaves of Acer cultivars and its content decreased from terminal to base position. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside was identified in lower concentrations in the leaves of all cultivars. Multiple variable analysis was calculated for each of the tristimulus values and two major anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside) in senescing leaves of ornamental Acer cultivars. Correlations were detected between the major anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) in analyzed Acer cultivars and all chromaticity parameters. The highest correlation coefficient (0.94) was observed between cyanidin-3-glucoside and a*/b* ratio in cultivar ‘Bloodgood’ and lowest (0.54) between cyanidin-3-glucoside and a* in Acer palmatum Thunb. The correlation between cyanidin-3-rutinoside and chromaticity parameters was not detected in all Acer cultivars, additionally correlation coefficients and statistical significance were much lower. The expression of red color in both senescing leaves and in all-year-red cultivars can be tightly linked with the content level of cyanidin-3-glucoside; the second major anthocyanin does not contribute much to the red leaf color. 相似文献
16.
Abstract. This research aims to assess how the variability in soil morphology of Luvisols along a microtopographic sequence influences the condition of pedunculate oak ( Quercus robur ). The condition of 205 pedunculate oaks was observed during one growth season and related to morphological soil properties. Results show that the presence of a consolidated argillic B horizon or fragipan in Luvisols, has a negative influence on the condition of Q.robur . 相似文献
17.
大叶冬青苦丁茶是一种用途较广的珍贵药用植物资源,近几年来市场对大叶冬青苦丁茶资源的需求日益增大。本文综述大叶冬青苦丁茶化学成分、繁育技术、病虫害防治、加工工艺等方面的研究,并展望其发展前景。 相似文献
18.
周辉 《福建农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2013,(5):539-542
以提高金线吊葫芦提取液中黄酮类化合物质量浓度为考察指标,采用单因素试验方案探讨乙醇体积分数、提取温度及提取时间等对提取液中黄酮类化合物浓度的影响,应用均匀试验设计方案对影响提取液中黄酮类化合物浓度的主要因素水平进行优化.结果表明:优化的因素水平组合为乙醇体积分数55%,提取温度74℃,提取时间50min,黄酮类化合物质量浓度为0.106g·L^-1. 相似文献
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