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71.
Size and composition of the weed seedbank was assessed after 12 years of application of four tillage systems in two crop rotations. Mouldboard and chisel ploughing at 45 cm, minimum tillage at 15 cm and no tillage were compared in continuous winter wheat and a pigeon bean/winter wheat 2-year rotation. Weed control was based upon post-emergence herbicide application. Weed seedling emergence from soil samples taken at 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths was assessed in a non-heated glasshouse for 12 months. The tillage system influenced weed seedbank size and composition to a much greater extent than crop rotation. Total weed seedling density was higher in no tillage, minimum tillage and chisel ploughing plots in the 0–15, 15–30 and 30–45 cm layers respectively. Density in the whole (0–45 cm) layer did not differ significantly among tillage systems. With no tillage, more than 60% of the total seedlings emerged from the surface layer, compared with an average 43% in the other tillage systems. Crop rotation did not influence either weed seedbank size or seedling distribution among soil layers, and only had a small influence on major species abundance. The weed seedbank was dominated (>66%) by Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. and Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), which thrived in chisel ploughing and no tillage respectively. Results suggested that crop rotation and substitution of mouldboard ploughing by non-inversion tillage (especially by minimum tillage) would not result in increased weed problems, whereas use of no tillage might increase weed infestations because of higher seedling recruitment from the topsoil. 相似文献
72.
林间释放平腹小蜂防治银杏大蚕蛾研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
笔者于1999-2000年在城口银杏大蚕蛾发生区释放用其卵繁育的平腹小蜂防治银杏大蚕蛾,结果表明:放蜂区虫卵寄生率明显提高,其校正寄生率为69.30%,是一种可利用的天敌昆虫。可在银杏大蚕蛾发生区内推广应用。 相似文献
73.
W. G. D. Fernando A. K. Watson T. C. Paulitz 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1996,102(1):1-7
Colletotrichum coccodes is currently being investigated as a mycoherbicide against the weed velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). Two isolates ofPseudomonas spp. (Ps2 and Ps5) reduced the percentage of germ tubes and increased appressorial formation ofC. coccodes on detached leaves of velvetleaf. A study was conducted to see whether this effect could be attributed to competition for nutrients or iron betweenC. coccodes andPseudomonas spp. Ps2 and Ps5 had no effect on early spore germination, but reduced the percentage of germ tubes at 24 and 30 h, compared to the nontreated control. This reduction was diminished by the addition of nutrients but not Fe3+. Ps2 and Ps5 stimulated the formation of dark-coloured appressoria without germ tubes (AWGT), but this stimulation was diminished by the addition of nutrients or Fe3+. Germ tube branching at 30 h was also inhibited by the bacteria, but was not diminished by the addition of nutrients or iron. EDTA stimulated conidial germination at 10 h, which was reduced by the addition of Fe3+. However, EDTA did not stimulate the formation of appressoria (AWGT). These results suggest that the reduction in the percentage of germ tubes and the increase in the percentage of appressoria induced by the bacteria may be due to the competition for carbon or nitrogen. Iron competition may also be involved in the stimulation of appressorial formation, but not in the reduction in germ tube percentage and branching. Phylloplane bacteria may compete for carbon, nitrogen and iron, limiting the saprophytic phase of the pathogen on the phylloplane and accelerating the development of the parasitic phase. This may enhance the field efficacy ofC. coccodes as a biocontrol agent against velvetleaf. 相似文献
74.
The ovipositional response ofHelicoverpa armigera (Hübner) to different cotton varieties and species was studied under caged conditions. Maximum oviposition (51.6 eggs/female)
was recorded on LH 900, a variety ofGossypium hirsutum, and minimum oviposition (3.0 eggs/female) on G 27, a variety ofG. arboreum. Oviposition, in general, was low (3 to 6.5 eggs/female) onarboreum cottons as compared withhirsutum. Of the number of factors found to affect the oviposition ofH. armigera, the trichome length on the upper surface of the leaf, rather than the density, was positively correlated (r = 0.687*). Among
different months in the cropping season, oviposition was maximum (552.7) during April. Oviposition was higher on leaves than
on other plant parts. 相似文献
75.
抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法筛选青枯病生防细菌 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本研究首先用平皿抑菌圈法筛选出55个拮抗青枯菌的细菌菌株,将番茄幼苗在各菌菌悬液中浸根12h后栽种于温室未灭菌的土壤中,结果发现,有22个菌株在幼苗根部的定殖能力较强(终定殖密度大于104 cfu/g根),其中革兰氏阴性土壤细菌占同类菌的86.3%,革兰氏阳性土壤细菌占同类菌的13.0%,10个无致病力产细菌素的青枯菌菌株在根部的终定殖密度均低于104 cfu/g根,其定殖能力弱于致病青枯菌。有17个拮抗菌菌株在番茄幼苗根部的定殖密度超过所有致病菌。温室生防结果证明,抑菌圈-定殖力双重测定法对于筛选生防菌株是一种行之有效的方法。 相似文献
76.
对荧光假单胞菌工程菌剂“荧光93”菌体和代谢物的作用特性进行了比较。结果表明:该菌剂能保护小麦根系免遭全蚀病危害,对植株生长有促进作用。菌体的抑菌能力强于代谢物,浸种处理防效分别为44.8%和27.8%;代谢物具有更强的刺激植株生长作用,在无病条件下,代谢物灌根处理鲜重增加34.5%,菌体处理鲜重增加7.5%。培养基成份对代谢物的作用有一定影响:以马铃薯葡萄糖培养产生的代谢物,抑菌效果好;营养肉汁酵母粉培养产生的代谢物,促生作用好。据此推断,荧光93菌剂代谢产物中含有抑制全蚀病菌和刺激植株生长的物质。 相似文献
77.
C. El Modafar A. Clérivet A. Vigouroux J. J. Macheix 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(5):503-509
Inoculation of leaves of resistantPlatanus occidentalis and susceptiblePlatanus acerifolia leaves withCeratocystis fimbriata f. sp.platani, the canker stain disease agent, induced foliar necrosis and biosynthesis of two phytoalexins, scopoletin and umbelliferone. Foliar symptoms keep localized and accumulation of coumarin phytoalexins was rapid for incompatible interactions. Necrosis spread widely and accumulation of these phenolic compounds was much later and lower for compatible interactions. The differential response could be used in a genetic improvement program for resistance against canker stain. 相似文献
78.
79.
80.
火生态因子对草原的效应及有计划用火的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
火烧可以提高禾草类的生物量25—30%,可以快速地(当年)大幅度提高羊草种群的生物量达100%以上。火烧提高羊草的抽穗率,促进草群更新复壮。火烧可以有效地抑制针茅种群的增长,并改变群落中的种群分布格局,促进羊草种群形成均匀分布格局,扩大羊草种群在群落中的生态位。火烧对草原的总生产力不发生负效应,一次火烧的正效应可持续2—3年。基于以上的结果,我们认为锡林郭勒草原区中,东部含有羊草的草原群落,可在春季四月下旬进行火烧,将会取得良好的效果。 相似文献