洋桔梗离体快繁技术研究

[目的]建立洋桔梗高效的快速繁殖体系,为工厂化生产提供可行的操作程序。[方法]以国外进口的洋桔梗F1代种子(品种名称为Polestar yellow)无菌苗的叶片为外植体,对不定芽的诱导、单芽增殖、无菌苗生根等进行了研究。[结果]结果表明:6-BA和IBA组合对洋桔梗叶片不定芽的诱导效果较6-BA和NAA组合好,叶片最佳的分化培养基为MS+6-BA0.6 mg/L+IBA0.04 mg/L,1个月内正常芽平均分化数为8.3;最佳的单芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.8 mg/L+NAA0.04 mg/L,1个月内正常芽的增殖倍数为7.4;无菌苗在含有IBA0.25 mg/L的1/2 MS培养基上,生根率、平均每苗的根数均最大。[结论]该结果为洋桔梗的工厂化生产奠定了基础。     

桔梗多糖复合涂膜剂在秋葵中的保鲜效果研究

为延长秋葵货架期,以商洛桔梗为对象,研究桔梗多糖的抑菌效果,复配防腐涂膜剂并用于秋葵贮藏保鲜。采用超声辅助浸提桔梗多糖的得率为27.28%,并利用AB-8型大孔树脂对其初步纯化。桔梗多糖对供试菌种的抑菌效果顺序为大肠杆菌>金黄色葡萄球菌>沙门氏菌。以桔梗多糖、海藻酸钠、氯化钙、柠檬酸为复配物,以失重率、叶绿素含量为检测指标进行秋葵保藏实验;基于单因素实验结果,用响应面法分析各因素的交互作用,确定最优配方为2.98%桔梗多糖溶液+1.07%海藻酸钠+1.42%氯化钙+3.00%柠檬酸。制备复合涂膜剂,在25℃、RH65%下,将其应用于秋葵保藏10天后,其叶绿素含量为18.62 mg/100 g,失重率为7.65%,该复合涂膜剂对秋葵的保鲜效果良好。研究结果可作为桔梗多糖在果蔬贮藏保鲜应用中的技术参考。     

Balance and concentration of nitrogen and potassium affect growth and nutrient status in soilless cultivated lisianthus

Purpose: Nitrogen (N) / potassium (K) nutrient balance has been studied for some ornamental plants, however, available information is limited. Here we investigate the optimum N and K balance and concentration for lisianthus production in soilless medium.

Materials and methods: The effect of three N / K balances: 1.43, 2.14 and 4.29, prepared by varying the concentration of N and K, were evaluated in lisianthus grown in soilless medium (volcanic rock).

Results: Plants fertigated with a N / K balance of 2.14 exhibited enhanced height and stem dry weight when compared to plants fertigated with a balance of 4.29, and a higher flower buds count and total dry weight than those fertigated with a balance of 1.43 or 4.29. Plants fertigated with a balance of 2.14 exhibited increased dry weight when N was reduced from 15 to 9?meq?L^?1 and K from 7 to 4.2?meq?L^?1, suggesting that lisianthus does not require high levels of these nutrients. Although shoot N concentration was not correlated with N concentration in the nutrient solution or balance, increasing N in the shoot was associated with higher P and Mg in the plant tissues. In general, P, Ca, and Mg in plant tissues were unaffected by the external N / K balance, however, the internal P and Mg concentrations were positively correlated with shoot dry weight. Shoot K concentration significantly increased when the N / K balance decreased, which is related to the higher concentrations of external K when the balance decreased.

Conclusions: The optimum N / K balance for lisianthus was 2.14. However, there was a concentration effect, as fertigation with solutions containing a N / K balance of 2.14 and an N and K concentration of 9 and 4.2?meq?L^?1 respectively, resulted in plants with the greatest dry weight.     

桔梗种子生物学特性研究概况

综述了桔梗种子的形态特征、寿命、休眠、成熟度、萌发和播前处理等生物学特性。     

LED不同光质对洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量的影响

洋桔梗组培苗生长是洋桔梗组织培养环节中很重要的环节。该试验以洋桔梗组培苗为试验材料,将试验材料分为8组,研究不同光质对洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量的影响。结果表明:LED处理中1 RB光照下的洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量最高,为2.313 7 mg/g,2 RB光照下的洋桔梗组培苗淀粉含量最低,为1.008 7 mg/g。因此,组合光1 RB较传统光源荧光灯更能促进组培苗淀粉生成,该试验结果可为洋桔梗组培苗培育提供一定的理论指导。     

洋桔梗基因工程研究进展

对近10年来国内外洋桔梗遗传工程方面的研究进展进行了综述,提出了洋桔梗转基因过程中存在的问题,并就其应用前景进行了展望。     

不同浓度赤霉素对打破洋桔梗簇叶化的影响

试验研究不同浓度的赤霉素对打破洋桔梗簇叶化的影响。结果表明:摘心处理2个月后,CK(清水)处理的洋桔梗90%发生簇叶化,表明赤霉素对降低洋桔梗簇化率有效。赤霉素浓度对洋桔梗生长势的影响为150 mg/L100 mg/L50 mg/L清水,150 mg/L赤霉素处理对洋桔梗株高、茎粗和小花数影响显著,但对叶片数影响不显著,从而证明赤霉素是通过促进节间的伸长来促进整株植株生长,而不是通过促进节数的增加来促进植株的生长。     

长白山区野生桔梗资源现状调查

[目的]掌握长白山区野生桔梗资源的现状。[方法]在长白山东坡的延边地区,黑龙江省牡丹江地区,长白山西坡的通化地区、白山地区和吉林地区共调查24个点。对24个点的野生桔梗的生境和生长情况（株高、茎数、果实数、根数、根长、根粗等）进行调查,采集样本并种植保存。[结果]野生桔梗生长的地点多种多样,因而生长的土壤类型也多种多样,主要有农田土、森林腐殖土、砂石土以及岩石缝隙等阳光比较充足的地方,其中砂石土质的小山坡上生长较多。野生桔梗生长的植被类型主要有地头边的撂荒地、小灌木丛、阔叶林以及针阔混交林的岩石缝隙等。总体上看,现存的野生桔梗大多数生长在生境比较恶劣的地方或非常偏远、人迹稀少的地方,因为其生境比较恶劣,根太小而没有利用价值或地方太偏远、不易采挖而幸存。由于生长环境恶劣,现存的野生桔梗普遍比栽培桔梗瘦小,栽培桔梗性状表现均优于野生桔梗。[结论]调查为分析长白山区野生桔梗的遗传多样性和建立长白山区野生桔梗种质资源库奠定了基础。     

Use of chrysanthemum plantlets grown in vitro to test cultivar susceptibility to white rust, Puccinia horiana P. Hennings

An efficient incubation and inoculation system for white rust was established using plantlets of chrysanthemum growing in vitro. The internal conditions of a culture vessel (plant box) were maintained at a humidity of 90‐100% and an optimum temperature of 20‐25°C, which are suitable conditions to germinate teliospores and basidiospores of the pathogen. Telia were maintained continuously on plants in the plant box and were used as an inoculum for infection experiments throughout the year, allowing differences in susceptibility to white rust among chrysanthemum cultivars to be detected. Susceptibility to white rust in the plant‐box evaluation showed a good correlation with the rating of sporulation on plants grown in a greenhouse. The method described here is a simple, space‐saving inoculation system to evaluate the susceptibility of chrysanthemums to white rust.     

不同处理对洋桔梗切花的保鲜效应

研究了赤霉素(GA3)预处理结合瓶插液(蔗糖+8-羟基喹啉)使用对洋桔梗(Eustoma grandiflorum)切花的保鲜效应.结果表明,25 mg/L GA3预处理配合30g/L蔗糖+100 mg/L 8-羟基喹啉瓶插液处理能延长洋桔梗切花的瓶插寿命,增加花枝鲜重,改善水分平衡值,延缓可溶性蛋白质含量的下降,还可以提高保护酶过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性.