竹荪子实体与菌丝体营养成分的测定分析

采用常规营养分析法和氨基酸自动分析仪对竹荪菌丝体与子实体营养成分进行了测定。结果表明,竹荪营养丰富,子实体与菌丝体营养成分基本无差异,菌丝体蛋白质与氨基酸含量均明显高于子实体,可以作为新型食品的基础原料。本研究为进一步开发、研制竹荪营养食品提供了基础资料和理论依据。     

松乳菇菌丝培养基的筛选

[目的]筛选松乳菇菌丝培养最佳培养基配方。[方法]以松乳菇菌种(编号NZ1)为供试菌株,设计2组不同的培养基配方进行菌丝培养的比较试验。[结果]松乳菇菌丝培养的最佳培养基配方为新西兰进口PDA培养基。[结论]该研究可为更好地进行松乳菇人工培养提供科学依据。     

A new plant pathogenic sterile white basidiomycete from Australia

A sterile white fungus was isolated from the healthy looking roots of buffalo grass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) grown on cleared bush land in Perth, Western Australia. The fungal strain was pathogenic on 12 plant species screened under the greenhouse conditions. The clamp connections and dolipore septa indicated that the isolate was a Basidiomycete. Mycelial features, growth rate at different temperatures, as well as pathogenicity patterns of this sterile white basidiomycete (SWB) were distinctly different from those of a strain with a similar morphology, ATCC 28344, previously described as a pathogen in Florida and Georgia (USA). All attempts to induce sporulation failed. The isolates were also compared using the nucleotide sequence analysis of the ribosomal DNA array. Approximately 1 kbp of the 5 end of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene and the entire ITS region (including ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S gene) were sequenced for the purpose. The obtained sequences were compared with the homologous regions of other genera of Agaricales available in GenBank. Relatively low sequence similarities between the American and Australian strains, as well as the phylogenetic analysis of the studied regions has suggested that these two fungi belong to different genera. Interesting results were achieved in the case of the large subunit ribosomal DNA since this region has been widely studied for taxonomy of Basidiomycetes. The Australian strain 3034 appeared to be closely related to the genus Campanella and the American SWB was identified as belonging to the genus Marasmius, possibly to M. graminum. Our data suggest that the Australian strain is a novel pathogen, and is different from the American SWB isolates described to date.     

食用菌菌种分离研究进展

食用菌是一类重要的真菌,中国是认识和利用食用菌最早的国家之一,战国时期的《列子》就有"朽壤之上,有菌芝者"的记载;公元前239年的《吕氏春秋》记载了食用菌的美味;以后的《齐民要术》、《菌谱》、《广菌谱》、《本草纲要》等都有食用菌栽培和利用的记载。中国也是食用菌栽培最早的国家,目前栽培的食用菌中多数起源于中国。近年来研究者对不同食用菌菌种分离培养进行了广泛的研究,对食用菌菌种分离培养进行总结。主要方法有孢子分离法、组织分离法、菇木分离法和培养料分离法4种。     

微量元素Zn、Mg、B对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响

为探明微量元素对杏鲍菇菌丝生长的影响,在3个菌株(杏鲍菇1号、川杏鲍菇2号和川杏鲍菇3号)杏鲍菇的菌丝培养基中分别添加6个不同浓度的微量元素Zn、Mg、B,比较其菌丝生长情况。结果表明:当锌、镁、硼离子浓度为50μmol/L时,川杏鲍菇3号菌丝生长均表现为最好;川杏鲍菇2号在镁离子、硼离子浓度均为50μmo/L时菌丝生长最好;杏鲍菇1号则在硼离子浓度为100μmo/L时菌丝生长速度表现为最快。     

黄伞菌丝生物学特性的研究

黄伞菌丝生物学特性试验结果表明:菌丝生长的适宜范围是20℃～25℃;适宜的pH范围为7.0～8.0;最佳碳源为果糖;最佳氮源为酵母浸膏和硫酸铵;最佳无机盐为MgSO4和KH2PO4;添加维生素对菌丝生长的影响不明显。     

榆黄菇发酵菌丝体及胞外多糖的影响因子研究

研究了NAA、2,4-DI、BA和L-Glu 4种生长因子在深层发酵中对榆黄菇菌丝体得率及胞外多糖产量的影响。结果表明,这4种因子都能使榆黄菇菌丝体得率及胞外多糖产量有不同程度的提高,并初步确定各种生长因子的最佳作用浓度。     

花脸香蘑酯酶同工酶分析

[目的]对花脸香蘑酯酶同工酶进行分析,以期为花脸香蘑酶谱分析奠定基础。[方法]采用聚丙酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对7种不同提取液提取的酯酶进行分析,探讨不同提取液对酯酶同工酶提取效果的影响,找出最优提取液,并分析不同培养方法和组织对同工酶的影响。[结果]7种不同提取液提取的酯酶酶带保持一致,但提取效果各异,用pH 8.0、0.1 mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液提取时效果较好。液体菌丝体、试管种、驯化花脸香蘑菌盖酶带均有5条;野生花脸香蘑菌盖和菌柄只有3条酯酶同工酶谱带;野生花脸香蘑菌盖与驯化花脸香蘑菌盖的酯酶谱带条数不同。因此在选用酯酶同工酶作为遗传指标,用作花脸香蘑液体菌种鉴定时,必须注意保持培养基、培养条件以及取材部位的一致性。[结论]该研究结果为花脸香蘑酶谱分析奠定了基础。     

2种灵芝液体培养的比较研究

比较赤芝和松杉灵芝液体培养菌丝体生物量和多糖含量。在相同的培养条件下,对赤芝和松杉灵芝进行液体培养,采用热水浸提法提取干燥菌丝体多糖,通过蒽酮-硫酸法测定赤芝和松杉灵芝多糖含量。测得赤芝多糖含量为7.22%,松杉灵芝多糖含量为3.78%,液体培养赤芝生长速度比松杉灵芝快,多糖含量也比松杉灵芝高,因此,赤芝更适合用于液体培养生产灵芝多糖。     

铜绿金龟子肠道链霉菌Streptomyces sp. BCa1 菌体的抗菌成分研究

为从昆虫来源的放线菌次级代谢产物中寻找药物先导分子，对铜绿金龟子幼虫肠道链霉菌Streptomyces sp. BCa1菌丝体化学成分进行了研究。通过活性跟踪，从其菌丝体的氯仿甲醇萃取物中分离得到主要成分1。利用高分辨质谱、一维和二维核磁波谱技术，将该主要成分1鉴定为具有双重旋转对称结构的不饱和大环内酯类抗生素阿扎霉素（elaiophylin），具有显著的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性。该类化合物为首次从昆虫来源的放线菌中发现。