我国芥蓝育种研究进展与展望

摘要：为推动芥蓝产业快速发展,总结了我国芥蓝育种现状,表现为育种手段从传统走向现代,市场 上仍是常规种与杂交种共存,新型品种不断涌现,如西兰薹、芥蓝薹等;未来需要各单位加强协作,联 合攻关克难,通过杂交选育、现代生物技术等手段培育出更多优质、丰产、多抗、广适,适应现代机械 化生产的杂交品种与新型品种。     

不同材质生物降解地膜的性能及其对番茄生长的影响

为筛选适宜应用在塑料大棚番茄种植中的生物降解地膜产品,对比了不同聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)材质、PBAT+聚乳酸(PLA)混合材质的全生物降解地膜产品的性能以及其对番茄长势、产量的影响。结果表明:PBAT材质降解膜在抑制水分蒸发、降解性能、提高番茄产量及效益方面,均比PBAT+PLA材质降解膜的效果好,故在塑料大棚番茄生产中可以选用PBAT材质的生物降解膜。     

茄子产量相关性状的遗传分析

摘要：为了探究茄子产量相关性状与基因间互作的遗传模型,为茄子高效育种提供理论依据,以绿圆茄 “茄27”自交系为母本,紫长茄“茄31”自交系为父本,配制成F1杂交组合,分别进行自交、回交,构建了 P1、P2、F1、F2、B1、B2 6个世代遗传群体,利用主基因、多基因混合分析法研究了茄子产量相关性状的遗传 模型。结果表明：茄子单株产量受1对主基因的加性-显性遗传,单株结果数受2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基 因混合遗传,单株最大单果质量受2对加性主基因＋加性-显性多基因遗传;单株产量和单株结果数以非加性 遗传为主,其中单株结果数以2对主基因加性效应遗传为主;单株最大果质量中B1和F2世代以主基因加性遗传 为主,其主基因遗传率分别为50.48%和54.33%,B2世代以多基因遗传为主,多基因遗传率为50.88%。综上可 知,茄子产量性状受到加性和显性遗传效应的影响。     

留瓜数量对日光温室越冬薄皮甜瓜产量和 效益的影响

摘要：为延长日光温室薄皮甜瓜采收期,提高产量和效益,以薄皮甜瓜“永甜十一”为试材,设置1茬留 8个瓜和留9个瓜的试验处理,以常规栽培1茬留4个瓜为对照,研究不同留瓜方式对前2批甜瓜综合性状、产量 以及长势、总产量和收入等影响。结果表明：相对于常规栽培,薄皮甜瓜日光温室越冬栽培1茬留9个瓜处理 的全生育期延长55 d,667 m2 总产量增加1 832.18 kg,667 m2 总收入增加23 746元,在辽宁地区日光温室薄皮甜 瓜生产中值得应用推广。     

松花菜抗根肿病种质资源的筛选初报

摘要：为了筛选出优质的松花菜根肿病抗源材料,为后续选育抗根肿病松花菜新品种提供优异的种 质资源,采用伤根灌菌法对35份松花菜自交系和9份杂交种进行室内根肿病人工接种抗性鉴定,共筛选 出抗病材料2份,即C17和C32;中抗材料10份,分别为8份纯合自交系（C2、C3、C4、C7、C13、C14、 C19、C28）和2份杂交种（C36、C41）。这2份抗病材料均为早熟自交系,而中熟及晚熟自交系中无抗病 材料。     

Wheat and Rye Differ in Drymatter Partitioning,Shoot-Root Ratio and Water Use Efficiency Under Organic and Inorganic Soils

Shoot-root ratio (S:R), dry matter partitioning (DMP), and water use efficiency (WUE) response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) vs. rye (Secale cereale L.) was investigated under organic [organic compost (OC), Miracle Grow (MG), sunshine peat moss (SPM), and Garden Basic peat humus (GBPM)], and inorganic soils [canyon soil (CS) and amarillo soil (AS)] in pot experiment at Dryland Agriculture Institute, West Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, during winter 2009–2010. The experiment was performed in completely randomized design (CRD) with three repeats. The objective of this experiment was whether S:R, DMP, and WUE of wheat versus rye differ under organic and inorganic soils. The results revealed that both crops responded differently in terms of S:R, DMP, and WUE under different organic and inorganic soils. Wheat had higher WUE than rye at different growth stages. Among the soil types, the three organic soils (MG, SPM, and GBPS) had higher WUE than the two inorganic (CS and AS) soils. The higher WUE of both crops when grown in organic soils such as MG, SPM, and GBPS was due to the higher dry matter partitioning to shoots and roots. The total dry weight plant^?1 showed positive relationship with WUE.     

Influence of Rooting Media on Chrysopogon Zizanioides (L.) Roberty

The present study was carried out to find the influence of some organic materials on the optimum biomass production of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty (Vetiver) using soil (S), vermicompost (VC), cow dung (CD) and coir pith (CP) at different ratios. The final day results showed that the ideal combination for the growth of the Vetiver is 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of VC/CD/CP/S. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), nitrogen (N)- phosphorus (P)- potassium (K), organic carbon (OC), and carbon (C)/N ratio showed in 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of (VC/CD/CP/S), on 120th day were 7.3, 0.38 dS m^?1, 1.36%, 0.11%, 8.7%, 20.5% and C/N ratio is 15:1. The root and shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, number of culms, and total chlorophyll content of Chrysopogon zizanioides were 65cm, 197 cm, 312 g, 104.4 g, 36 culms/plant and 40.57 mg/g at 1:1:1:1 v/v ratio of (VC/CD/CP/S) treatment and compared to control sets, the increasing ratio were 6:1, 3:1, 12:1, 12:1, 3:1, 2:1 respectively.     

生物质流化床气化与结渣特性中试试验

为优化生物质流化床气化工艺,该研究在中试规模流化床实验台上进行了成型树皮和成型秸秆的空气气化试验,研究了空气当量比、气化温度与送风温度对成型树皮和成型玉米秸秆气化特性的影响,同时采用电子探针显微分析仪与X射线光谱分析仪对气化过程中结渣的微观结构与成分进行了分析。结果表明:气化效果随着空气当量比增大先升后降,空气当量比较佳值在0.24左右,此工况下树皮与秸秆合成气热值分别为5.66和3.92 MJ/m~3,气化效率分别为59.62%与33.92%;气化温度增加促进气化效果提升,气化温度从700℃升高至800℃,树皮合成气热值与气化效率分别提升了1.01 MJ/m~3与14.28%;一次风温度的提升对气化效果无显著影响(P0.05),但明显提升了炉膛底部温度,容易导致结渣,不利于设备稳定运行。2种生物质都有明显结渣现象,其表面呈现熔融玻璃状。结渣主要由KAl(SiO3)、K2MgSi_5O_(12)等复杂化合物与SiO_2组成。导致结渣的原因主要是生物质中K、Mg等碱金属元素在床料中富集,与石英砂床料反应形成低熔点熔融盐;树皮含有较多Ca,气化中形成高熔点的CaSO_4进而抑制结渣,而秸秆成灰率高,含有较多的K,导致结渣更为严重。     

基于DTOPSIS法的日光温室大果番茄组合比较分析与评价

为选育出适于宁夏自治区秋冬茬日光温室种植的番茄新品种,在日光温室对57份大果番茄新组合进行了品种比较,通过调查植株性状、果实性状、番茄花叶病毒病病情指数和产量,并采用逼近理想解排序法(DTOPSIS法)对番茄单果质量、可溶性固形物含量、花叶病毒病病情指数和产量数据进行综合评价,结果表明:通过应用DTOPSIS法综合评价...     

非常规天然气及其管道输送

概述了非常规天然气的构成及储量和应用远景。对煤层气、页岩气及致密气藏气的现状进了分析和展望,指出我国应集中力量在加大开采煤层气和页岩气以提高天然气在能源结构中的比例的同时,必须合理规划管道走向以便于非常规天然气的快捷输送,并提出了管输非常规天然气应注意的问题。