转基因植物潜在的生物入侵问题

通过对转基因植物安全性和外来物种的生物入侵问题的研究发现，转基因植物作为自然界中本来不存在的外来物种，由于其自身的生态幅宽、繁殖能力强等竞争优势，可以通过花粉散布、种子扩散和杂交等途径造成外缘基因的逃逸，从而导致其对生态环境及生物多样性产生一定的影响。     

外来入侵动物

介绍了入侵我国的有害动物种类和途径,并就动物入侵对我国造成的危害以及防治措施等进行了论述。     

Identification of 12 EST-derived SSR markers in Lumbricus rubellus

While many species of earthworms are globally distributed, very little is known about the genetic population dynamics of this diverse group. We present the characterization of novel simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, including primer information, number of alleles, repeat motif, and approximate size ranges, to be used in population genetic analyses of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus Hoffmeister 1843. Specifically, we designed and characterized 12 novel, polymorphic markers derived from published expressed sequence tags (EST) for amplification in L. rubellus. The mean number of alleles per locus was 6.25 ± 1.91, indicating these markers will be sufficiently polymorphic for population genetic studies of this species.     

胚胎着床过程中MMPs对子宫内膜重塑的作用研究进展

胚胎着床是一种细胞侵袭和转移的正常生理过程,涉及细胞外基质的降解和重塑、胎盘绒毛血管的发生、子宫螺旋动脉的重建等,在基质金属蛋白酶、组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂以及其他许多因子的调控下,对子宫内膜细胞外基质进行有序地降解和重塑。对MMPs参与胚胎着床中子宫内膜重塑过程中的作用及其引起细胞外基质的变化情况进行了综述。     

棉田黄萎病菌致病型结构初步研究

棉花黄萎病是棉花生产中的主要病害之一,广泛分布于世界各产棉国.控制该病的猖獗危害,已成为棉花生产可持续发展的主要问题[1].利用不同抗性的棉花品种对棉黄萎病菌的选择作用,从棉田中分离获得不同的黄萎病菌菌系,在温室中采用2个抗病性差异明显的品种对其致病力进行测定,以明确同一块棉田是否存在不同致病力菌系.     

Effects of resveratrol on viability,invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells by up-regulating miR-34a

AIM: To investigate the effects of resveratrol on the viability, invasion and autophagy of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and the regulatory effect of microRNA-34a (miR-34a). METHODS: MG-63 cells were divided into 6 groups:control group and resveratrol treatment groups at doses of 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 μmol/L. MTT assay, Transwell chamber method and Western blot were used to detect the effects of resveratrol on the viability, invasion ability and expression of autophagy-related proteins in the osteosarcoma cells. The effect of resveratrol at different concentrations on the expression of miR-34a in the osteosarcoma cells was detected by RT-qPCR. The effects of miR-34a mimic and miR-34a mimic negative control (miR-34a NC) transfection on the viability and invasion ability of osteosarcoma cells after treated with resveratrol at different concentrations were analyzed. The effects of miR-34a mimic transfection on autophagy-related proteins LC3-I, LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with control group, resveratrol inhibited the viability and invasion ability of the MG-63 cells and promoted autophagy (P<0.05). Resveratrol up-regulated the expression of miR-34a in the MG-63 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). In addition, the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-I was increased, and beclin-1 was up-regulated (P<0.05). Co-treatment with miR-34a mimic and resveratrol increased inhibitory effects of resveratrol on the viability and invasion ability and invasion of the MG-63 cells and also promoted autophagy. CONCLUSION: Resveratrol inhibits the viability and invasion of osteosarcoma MG-63 cells and promotes auto-phagy by up-regulating miR-34a expression.     

In vivo fish models for visualizing Aeromonas hydrophila invasion pathway using GFP as a biomarker

The invasion pathway of Aeromonas hydrophila in vivo was studied in Crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) with a virulent strain A. hydrophila J-1 transformed with a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (pGFPuv) (A. h J-1^GFP), which had similar virulence characteristics (haemolysin, extracellular proteases production, toxicity for EPC cells, survival in fish serum and LD₅₀ value) as the parent strain. Fish were divided into four experimental groups: (1) normal fish; (2) bacteria bath challenged, unwounded fish; (3) skin artificially wounded by scalpel, bacterial bath challenged fish; and (4) skin mucus layer partially removed by paper towel, bacterial bath challenged fish. The number of bacteria from blood, gills, kidney, muscle, liver and intestine were detected at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-challenge. High bacterial numbers were observed in the muscle of the artificial wound group, in the kidney of the mucus removed group and in the gills of all groups. In conclusion, the gills and damaged skin are likely to be the main routes of entry for A. hydrophila, and GFP can be used as a real-time biomarker to study intimate host–pathogen interaction in fish.     

花生种子胰蛋白酶抑制剂与抗黄曲霉侵染的关系

通过丙酮分级沉淀和DEAE-Sephadex A50离子交换柱, 从花生种子醋酸提取液中分离纯化出具有胰蛋白酶抑制剂活性的物质. SDS-PAGE电泳图谱显示, 纯化的胰蛋白酶抑制剂是以二聚体形式存在, 分子量分别为17.1和10.3 kDa, 纯化的胰蛋白酶抑制剂在体外能显著地抑制黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)孢子的萌发和菌丝的生长, 表明胰蛋白酶     

Climate change might drive the invasive tree Robinia pseudacacia into nature reserves and endangered habitats

Static networks of nature reserves disregard the dynamics of species ranges in changing environments. In fact, climate warming has been shown to potentially drive endangered species out of reserves. Less attention has been paid to the related problem that a warmer climate may also foster the invasion of alien species into reserve networks. Here, we use niche-based predictive modelling to assess to which extent the Austrian Natura 2000 network and a number of habitat types of conservation value outside this network might be prone to climate warming driven changes in invasion risk by Robinia pseudacacia L., one of the most problematic alien plants in Europe.Results suggest that the area potentially invaded by R. pseudacacia will increase considerably under a warmer climate. Interestingly, invasion risk will grow at a higher than average rate for most of the studied habitat types but less than the national average in Natura 2000 sites. This result points to a potential bias in legal protection towards high mountain areas which largely will remain too cold for R. pseudacacia. In contrast, the selected habitat types are more frequent in montane or lower lying regions, where R. pseudacacia invasion risk will increase most pronouncedly.We conclude that management plans of nature reserves should incorporate global warming driven changes in invasion risk in a more explicit manner. In case of R. pseudacacia, reducing propagule pressure by avoiding purposeful plantation in the neighbourhood of reserves and endangered habitats is a simple but crucial measure to prevent further invasion under a warmer climate.     

Conservation of species interaction networks

Recent work has shown that antagonist (e.g. predator-prey food web) and mutualist (e.g. pollinator-plant) network structure can be altered by global environmental change drivers, and that these alterations may have important ecosystem-level consequences. This has prompted calls for the conservation of network structure, but precisely which attributes of webs should be conserved remains unclear. Further, the extent to which network metrics characterise the spatiotemporally-variable dynamic structure of interacting communities is unknown. Here, we summarise the attributes of web structure that are predicted to confer stability or increased function to a system, as these may be of greatest interest to conservation biologists. However, empirical evaluation of these effects is lacking in most cases, and we discuss whether stability is even desirable in all contexts. The incorporation of web attributes into conservation monitoring requires that changes in these attributes can be recorded (sampled) with relative ease. We contrast the sensitivity of metrics to sampling effort, and highlight those (such as nestedness and connectance) that could easily be incorporated into conservation monitoring. Despite our growing understanding of the characteristics of food webs that confer stability and function, numerous practical challenges need to be overcome before the goal of conserving species interaction networks can be achieved.