Water use of spring wheat to raise water productivity

In semi-arid environments with a shortage of water resources and a risk of overexplotation of water supplies, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a crop that can reduce water use and increase water productivity, because it takes advantage of spring rainfall and is harvested before the evaporative demands of summer. We carried out an experiment in 2003 at “Las Tiesas” farm, located between Barrax and Albacete (Central Spain), to improve accuracy in the estimation of wheat evapotranspiration (ETc) by using a weighing lysimeter. The measured seasonal ETc averages (5.63 mm day⁻¹) measured in the lysimeter was 417 mm compared to the calculated ETc values (5.31 mm day⁻¹) calculated with the standard FAO methodology of 393 mm. The evapotranspiration crop coefficient (Kc) derived from lysimetric measurements was Kc-mid: 1.20 and Kc-end: 0.15. The daily lysimeter Kc values were fit to the evolution linearly related to the green cover fraction (fc), which follows the crop development pattern. Seasonal soil evaporation was estimated as 135 mm and the basal crop coefficient approach was calculated in this study, Kcb which separates crop transpiration from soil evaporation (evaporation coefficient, Ke) was calculated and related to the green cover fraction (fc) and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained by field radiometry in case of wheat. The results obtained by this research will permit the reduction of water use and improvement of water productivity for wheat, which is of vital importance in areas of limited water resources.     

榆树叶绿色素的提取与性质研究

研究了从榆树叶中提取天然绿色素的工艺方法以及其榆树叶绿色素的理化性质。结果表明：从榆树叶里提取绿色素时用75%的乙醇（pH值7.80）为提取液效果较好;该色素溶解性和热稳定性良好,在pH值为5～9时较稳定。该色素具有一定的开发利用价值。     

青莜麦双季栽培和麦茬复种技术的研究

青莜麦不同品种和播期的试验结果表明:第一季青莜麦比第二季晚熟品种的株高、叶面积系数均高;品种323和82的单季产草量达87544.5kg/hm2和85042.5kg/hm2,双季比单季增产68.0%~81.2%。麦茬复种青莜麦产草量达64500~67500kg/hm2;并以7月20日为最佳播种期,比其他播期增产38.9%~77.0%。品种323籽粒产量3789.8kg/hm2,比对照增产26.3%~66.7%,其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量均比对照高;麦茬复种青莜麦比复种青玉米的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量高。选用品种323和82进行双季栽培或麦茬复种青莜麦,可取得显著的经济、社会和生态效益。     

5个枇杷晚熟品种果实氨基酸组成和含量分析

为了探讨白肉枇杷和红肉枇杷果实的风味和营养品质的差异,利用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了5个晚熟枇杷品种果实的氨基酸含量。结果表明,新白1号枇杷果实中天门冬氨酸和谷氨酸等鲜味类氨基酸含量占总氨基酸的53.9%,明显高于红肉枇杷中的含量;而红肉枇杷的甜味类氨基酸和芳香类氨基酸含量略高于白肉枇杷。白肉枇杷中药用氨基酸含量高于红肉枇杷,而红肉枇杷符合氨基酸模式谱的指标多于白肉枇杷。     

中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。     

大头鲤、黑龙江鲤、德国镜鲤及其杂种F3肌肉品质的比较

对大头鲤、黑龙江鲤、德国镜鲤及杂种F3背部肌肉的肉色、嫩度、pH、失水率、系水力和肌纤维性状进行研究,评价杂种F3的肌肉品质.结果表明:(1)杂种F3肌肉的亮度为47.37,红度为1.85,黄度3.27,嫩度为1.65 kg·f,pH 6.62,失水率为22.54%,系水力为97.30%,肌纤维的横截面积为128.76 μm2,纤维的密度为每平方毫米183.38根,肌纤维面积的比例为55.55%.(2)杂种F3与亲本肌肉品质的比较,肉色亮度与黑龙江鲤相近,高于大头鲤和德国镜鲤;红度与大头鲤和黑龙江鲤相近,低于德国镜鲤;嫩度与大头鲤相近,小于黑龙江鲤和德国镜鲤;肌纤维的横截面积与大头鲤相近,小于黑龙江鲤和德国镜鲤;肌纤维密度与大头鲤相近,大于黑龙江鲤和德国镜鲤;pH、失水率、系水力、肉色的黄度和肌纤维面积的比例与3亲本差异不显著.研究表明杂种F3具有与大头鲤相似的肌肉品质,经进一步选育可以育成一个优质的鲤新品系.     

Calanus oil as a natural source for flesh pigmentation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

The present study was to understand how efficiently the astaxanthin in Calanus oil is utilized for flesh colouration in Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ). Postsmolts of the fish (309 g) were held at 7.9 °C and they were fed diets containing 20 or 60 mg astaxanthin per kilogram feed derived from a synthetic source or from Calanus oil for 181 days. Besides growth and feed intake assessments, at day 81 and 181, fish flesh were subjected to colour analysis and astaxanthin determination. Growth and feed performance did not vary between the groups. There were significant differences in the amount of astaxanthin in muscle between almost all groups both at day 81 ( P  < 0.05) and at day 181 ( P  < 0.001). However, a notable similarity between fish receiving 20 mg astaxanthin from the synthetic source and those receiving 60 mg astaxanthin from Calanus oil ( P  > 0.05) at day 181 indicated that comparable amounts were deposited only with the greater level of the natural source. Tristimuli colorimeter a* values support the analytical results at day 181. Although Calanus oil did serve as a natural dietary pigment source for farmed salmon, its inclusion level should provide more than 60 mg astaxanthin per kilogram feed to achieve colouration preferred by the market.     

富碘鱼面的生产工艺

介绍了富碘鱼面生产工艺，该工艺是对传统食品进行探讨性改造中较为成功的一例。它不仅提高了当地传统食品——鱼面的品质，促进了传统食品的生产，也说明我国食品行业有相当一部分商业机会是隐藏于传统食品的改造创新中。     

模拟化学实验室在农业院校绿色化学教育中的优势与作用

介绍了模拟化学实验室在绿色化学教育中的重要性，分析了模拟化学实验的优势与作用。     

板叶红瓤萝卜新品种‘潍萝卜2号’

 ‘潍萝卜2号’萝卜新品种是由‘VL02-21’בVL02-23’杂交育成的萝卜一代杂种。该品种优质、丰产、适应性强。从播种到商品成熟80d，生长势中等，抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病等病害，板叶，叶色深绿有12-16片，小顶小根，肉质根近圆球形，肉质鲜艳呈紫红色，单根重1㎏，产量36.72～41.68 t·hm^-2，适合山东及华北地区和东北三省秋季种植。