盛夏干旱期树盘覆盖的生态效应及其对促进柑桔果实生长的作用

本文定量地建立了两种覆盖方式（盖膜、盖草）下柑桔园土壤湿度增加量、柑桔果径增长速度以及与不覆盖对照的果径增长差的气候生态模型，确定了相应的气候生态指标，揭示了树盘覆盖的生态效应。     

套袋对红富士苹果果皮细胞超微结构的影响

红富士苹果果皮细胞超微结构的观察结果表明,未套袋颗粒果皮表层细胞叶绿体片层结构发育较套袋果实发达,至果实采收前,未套袋果液泡染色较深县均匀,而套袋果液泡染色深,呈絮状凝结,这可能是颗粒去袋后花青苷迅速合成,在液泡内大量积累所致。     

富士苹果果皮色泽形成的需光特性研究

富士苹果果皮中的花青苷有两次积累期,其中９月初至１０月初为迅速积累时期。果实着色的适宜光照强度范围为相对全光照的４０％￣８５％。促进果实红色形成的照光最大效率期为果实采收前４５ｄ内。红光（６４０ｎｍ）处理颗粒可提高果皮提高果皮细胞膜透性,并刺激果实内乙烯生成。花青苷生物代谢最终产物的生成需要白色光照射,整个生长期单一红光或紫光处理抑制花青苷的形成。     

桑黄子实体多糖提取条件的研究

通过单因子试验和正交试验，研究了桑黄（Phellinus igniarius）子实体多糖的提取条件。结果表明，热水浸提法提取桑黄子实体多糖的最佳条件为料水比1：30（W：V）。提取温度90℃，提取时间3h，乙醇终浓度80％。同时采用超声波法提取桑黄子实体多糖，其多糖得率为4．65％。     

夏季水分管理对梨橙果实发育和产量品质的影响

干旱缺水是导致果园低产、低效的主要原因之一。重庆三峡库区降水丰沛,但水资源在时空上分布很不均匀,许多坡地果园水源紧缺,季节性干旱十分突出。2002年7月至2006年1月,通过用叶片水分亏缺与果实膨大相关性的研究以及水分管理模式,对柑橘生长和发育的影响进行试验研究,总结出了一套适合坡地柑橘园的水分管理模式。     

枇杷果实采后质地的变化与调控

 以枇杷果实为材料, 通过1 - 甲基环丙烯(1-MCP) 和温度处理, 探索其对采后枇杷果实衰老过程质地的影响。结果表明, 枇杷果实采后在20℃贮藏过程中, 脂氧合酶(LOX) 活性、超氧自由基(O·2 ) 积累和苯丙氨酸解氨酶( PAL) 活性均呈峰型变化, 果肉组织相对电导率持续增加, 果实硬度趋于增大, 果肉渐趋粗糙少汁, 具有组织木质化的特征。12MCP可以显著抑制PAL和LOX活性, 减缓O·2 生成, 延缓组织衰老进程和硬度的增加。1℃低温贮藏可以有效延缓果实的衰老进程, 但会导致果实出现冷害, 其典型症状也表现出了组织木质化。采后枇杷果实衰老过程中的硬度增加与冷害胁迫下的果实组织木质化具有相似的基本特征, 但其内在机制可能不同。     

天然油菜素内酯对红富士苹果抗旱增产效应的研究

 采用随机区组试验设计的方法, 研究了天然油菜素内酯对红富士苹果生长发育的影响, 结果表明, 天然油菜素内酯处理增加了叶片相对含水量和临界饱和亏, 降低了自然饱和亏、需水程度、蒸腾速率、细胞膜透性和伤害率, 减轻了叶片的水分损失, 提高了苹果的抗旱性。测定结果显示, 天然油菜素内酯处理促进了苹果叶片生长, 抑制了秋梢的萌生, 提高了坐果率和产量, 但未降低果实的品质。     

采前喷钙和套袋对华盛顿脐橙果皮病变的影响

以华盛顿脐橙为试验材料,研究了采前喷钙和套袋对果皮病变的影响。结果表明,华盛顿脐橙果皮油胞凹陷和油胞破裂等田间果皮病变高达30%以上;果皮病变与果园管理水平、植株和果皮钙含量密切相关,采前喷钙和套袋处理提高了果实硬度,增加果皮钙含量,降低采后果皮病变率40%～50%,达显著和极显著水平;同时钙处理促进果实着色,显著增加果皮红色度和光泽度。采前喷钙和套袋对提高华脐果实的外观品质和商品性具有很好的作用。     

Responses of field grown tomato plants to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization under varying intensities of drought stress

The effects of root colonization by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith on growth, flower and fruit production, and fruit quality were studied in field-grown tomato plants exposed to varying intensities of drought stress. Inoculated (M+) and non-inoculated (M−) tomato seedlings were exposed to varying intensities of drought stress by adjusting irrigation intervals. Mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher uptake of N and P in both roots and shoots regardless of intensities of drought stress. AM inoculation also significantly increased shoot dry matter and the number of flowers and fruits. The fruit yields of M+ plants under severe, moderate, mild drought-stressed conditions were higher than M− plants by 24.7%, 23.1%, 16.2% and 12.3%, respectively. Furthermore, M+ plants produced tomato fruits that contain significantly higher quantities of ascorbic acid and total soluble solids (TSS) than M− plants. Mycorrhizal effects increased with increasing intensity of drought. The overall results suggest that mycorrhizal colonization affects host plant nutritional status, water stratus and growth under field conditions and thereby alters reproductive behaviour, fruit production and quality of fruits under both well-watered and drought-stressed conditions.     

Influence of self-pollination in fruit quality of autogamous almonds

Due to the several advantages expected from growing self-compatible almond cultivars, breeding programmes have recently introduced self-compatibility as an important trait. However, doubts have arisen regarding the capability of the newly obtained self-compatible almonds to produce good yields in monovarietal plantations, and the commercial quality of the fruits from self-pollination. For this reason, in the last years several studies have been conducted to evaluate fruit set and fruit traits following self- and cross-pollination of self-compatible almonds. Their results showed inconsistencies for fruit set and for some of the fruit traits studied. Thus, while some studies showed no differences between both pollination types for any of the fruit traits, others clearly showed important differences with the detriment of self-pollination for commercially important fruit traits. The fact that some of these studies evaluated a low number of individuals and/or fruit traits, implies the need of a more complete study. In this work, 10 fruit traits were studied in 26 self-compatible almonds following self-pollination by bagging and open pollination treatments. In general, and despite a few individuals showed differences between both pollination types for two of the traits, the results showed no influence of self-pollination in fruit quality.