石灰性土壤水稻锌临界值及施锌效果研究

在氮、磷、钾肥用量处于最佳施肥量,土壤有效锌含量1.0-1.5 mg/kg试验条件下,水稻增施锌肥后,成穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高、穗长等均有不同程度的增加,产量明显提高,以施硫酸锌22.5 kg/hm^2的处理最高,平均比不施锌处理增产12.7%。不同类型土壤表现一致,但潮土施锌增产幅度明显高于水稻土,且以成穗数增加为主,水稻土处理每穗粒数明显高于潮土处理。通过回归分析,水稻适宜施锌量为21.5-23.0 kg/hm^2,产量可达9 300-9 800 kg/hm^2。水稻土壤有效锌临界值指标1.48 mg/kg。     

Improve Anthocyanin and Zinc Concentration in Purple Rice by Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizer Application

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions; both have benefits to human health. Rice is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population, and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins, but their stability depends upon many factors. This review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen (N) management during cultivation. Variation in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties, thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin contents. Genetic engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin varieties. Grain Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation, e.g., light, temperature, soil salinity and nutrient (fertilizer) management. Applying N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption, uptake, transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice, while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a precursor. In summary, there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties.     

安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤的有效态锌测定

锌是植物必需的微量营养元素,为探寻安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤中有效态锌的含量,试验用原子吸收分光光度法对安宁河流域特色果蔬土壤中有效态锌的含量进行测定,试验结果表明,用100 mL HCl+H2SO4(3∶1)混酸在50℃下浸取6 h后用原子吸收分光光度计测定的有效态锌的含量最高,为5.892μg/g,加标回收率为97.3%~104.5%,测定方法精密度好、准确度较高,简便可行。     

凤冈锌硒绿茶中7种儿茶素及咖啡因含量特征

采用HPLC方法同时测定了26个凤冈锌硒绿茶样品中7种儿茶素儿茶素(+C)、没食子儿茶素(GC)、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(GCG)、表儿茶素(EC)、表没食子儿茶素(EGC)、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、表儿茶素没食子酸酯(ECG))和咖啡因(CAF)的含量。结果表明,凤冈锌硒绿茶中儿茶素总含量平均值为20.08%,其中EGCG含量最高;儿茶素平均品质指数为556;咖啡因的含量平均值为3.9%。该研究可为凤冈锌硒绿茶品质的进一步研究提供依据。     

不同硼浓度对三种超富集植物吸收硼及重金属的影响

通过水培试验研究了0~15 mg·L-1的硼(B)对Zn/Cd超富集植物东南景天(Sedum alfredii)、Zn/Cd/Ni超富集植物遏蓝菜(Noccaea caerulescens)和Ni超富集植物庭荠属(Alyssum murale)在20 mg Zn·L-1及18 mg Ni·L-1胁迫下生长和吸收重金属的影响。试验结果显示:较低浓度的硼促进三种超富集植物的生长和重金属吸收,而高浓度的硼则表现出抑制作用;三种植物在硼处理浓度为10.0mg·L-1时都开始表现中毒的症状,三种植物地上部分的硼含量随硼处理浓度的增加而增大,S.alfredii叶部、N.caerulescens、A.murale地上部分的硼浓度范围分别为40.2~880、115~744、156~922 mg·kg-1干重;当硼处理的浓度为2.0、0.5 mg·L-1时,S.alfredii和N.caerulescens地上部分的重金属吸收达最大值,A.murale地上部Zn和Ni的含量则分别在硼处理浓度为2.0、5 mg·L-1时达到最大。     

响应面法优化蚕沙叶绿素锌钾盐的制备工艺

在单因素试验基础上,选取皂化时间、锌代温度和锌代时间作为影响因子,应用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,以叶绿素锌钾盐产率为响应值,进行响应面分析(RSA)。结果表明,叶绿素锌钾盐的最佳制备工艺为皂化时间58 min,锌代温度57℃,锌代时间83 min。响应面模型在此条件下预测的叶绿素锌钾盐产率为8.95%,验证值(9.23%)与预测值相对误差3.13%。     

不同Zn源及水平对肉兔生长性能和组织Zn沉积的影响

为了研究不同水平ZnSO4和Met-Zn对家兔生产性能及组织Zn沉积的影响,选用2.5月龄布列塔尼亚肉兔120只,随机分成10组,基础日粮中分别以ZnSO4和Met-Zn形式添加70、105、140、1752、10 mg/kgZn,预试期7 d,正试期30 d。结果表明,在Zn添加量为70~140 mg/kg时,Met-Zn对家兔生产性能的影响优于ZnSO4。日粮Zn含量在70~210 mg/kg时,肉兔肝脏、肾脏、脾脏及背最长肌的Zn含量不呈现明显的变化趋势。     

Turf Response to Superferrite Fertilizer in Contrasting Soil Types

Abstract

Superferrite is marketed as a turf fertilizer in the United States, but there is limited information on its effectiveness or potential risks due to high zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) contents. A greenhouse study was conducted where hybrid bermudagrass and tall fescue, growing in a calcareous clay or acid sandy soil, and creeping bentgrass, growing in a putting green root zone mix, were fertilized with 0, 50, 100, and 150% the recommended rate of Superferrite fertilizer (73.4 g m^?2). Bermudagrass and tall fescue clipping weights increased with Superferrite rate but root mass was not affected. Tissue iron (Fe) concentrations were mostly unaffected by Superferrite, but total Fe uptake, tissue Zn, and total Zn uptake increased with Superferrite rate. Increased yields were probably due to increasing nitrogen (N) applications rather than Fe or Zn. Small increases in Pb uptake with Superferrite applications suggest that Superferrite Pb had low bioavailability to turf.     

NYH-1型~(14)C核素高灵敏探测装置

本文描述了可测量低活度1 4 C核素的高灵敏探测装置。在FH 36 7探头的基础上进行了改装 ,更换了闪烁介质 ,增加了物质屏蔽和反符合屏蔽以及相应的电子线路。本装置对1 4 C的探测效率 ,植物干样为 6 93% ,土壤样为 3 2 % ,装置的本底计数为 2 35cpm