Effects of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis,protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of lairage after transport on post mortem muscle glycolysis, protein phosphorylation and lamb meat quality. Two preslaughter animal treatments, transport for 3 h and lairage for 0 h (T3L0) and transport for 3 h and then lairage for 12 h (T3L12), were compared with a control treatment of 0 h transport and 0 h lairage. Data obtained showed that preslaughter transport had a significant effect on lamb meat quality. Loins from lambs of the T3L0 treatment showed higher (P=0.026) pH_{24 h} and higher (P=0.021) pH_{48 h} values, but lower (P<0.001) drip loss and lower (P<0.05) glycolytic potential at 0 h post mortem than those of the T3L12 and control groups. Muscle samples of the T3L0 group showed higher (P=0.046) shear force and lower (P=0.005) b* value than those of the T3L12 group. Muscle glycogen concentration at 0, 2, 4 h post mortem were lower (P<0.05) in the T3L0 group than in control. No significant difference (P>0.05) in most meat quality parameters was determined between the T3L12 group and control, showing lairage for 12 h allowed lambs to recover from the effects of transport for 3 h and resulted in similar meat quality characteristics compared to no transport. Lairage after transport did not affect most meat quality indices in comparison with control, but increased the meat drip loss and b* value of lambs possibly through decreasing glycogen concentration and glycolytic potential.     

Performance and blood parameters when lambs and meat‐goat kids were finished on pasture with and without whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum) supplementation

We evaluated forage production patterns, weight gains and blood parameters when lambs (Ovis aries) and meat‐goat (Caprus hircus) kids were finished on a mixed sward of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with (SUP) and without (UNSUP) supplemental whole cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum; WCS) in a replicated study. Botanical composition and energy/protein ratios of the sward varied with year and with time during the growing season. Swards had greater amounts of red clover relatively early and more cocksfoot later in the season. Suffolk (SX) lambs had the heaviest body weights, Katahdin (KA) lambs were intermediate, and meat‐goat (GX) kids were the lightest at the end of each year. Overall body weight gain followed a trend of SX > KA > GX, and WCS supplementation increased weight gain for all animals by 18%. Only in 2008 did SUP animals have higher blood urea nitrogen levels, which may indicate less efficient use of dietary nitrogen when grazing grass–legume pastures managed for high nutritive value compared with UNSUP animals. Gossypol in WCS did not affect blood packed cell volume between SUP and UNSUP lambs and meat‐goat kids. Suffolk lambs, Katahdin lambs and cross‐bred Boer meat‐goat kids finished on pasture with and without WCS supplementation produced desirable body weights for most ethnic markets in the USA.     

添喂谷氨酰胺、丁酸钠对哺乳中后期羔羊生长的影响

[目的]研究精料中分别添加谷氨酰胺和丁酸钠对哺乳中后期羔羊生长性能的影响.[方法]选择35～40日龄体重相近的萨福克和陶赛特羔羊54只,将其随机分为3个处理组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组,每组18只.对照组饲喂常规精料,试验Ⅰ组在常规精料中添加0.5;的谷氨酰胺,试验Ⅱ组在常规精料中添加0.5;的丁酸钠.[结果]试验进行8周后,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组比对照组平均日增重分别提高39和32g,差异均极显著(P＜0.01);试验Ⅰ组比试验Ⅱ组平均日增重提高7 g,但差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]在哺乳中后期羔羊精料中分别添加谷氨酰胺和丁酸钠可显著提高哺乳期羔羊的平均日增重和经济效益.     

细毛羊羔羊超数排卵及体外胚胎生产移植

[目的]研究羔羊日龄、羔羊体重、超排方法、精卵共孵育时间对细毛羔羊超排效果及卵母细胞体外受精效果的影响.[方法]用国产FS3H对4.～9周龄羔羊进行两种超排方法处理,回收可用卵母细胞1 032枚,体外受精后移植受体98只,产羔25只.[结果]不同周龄羔羊只均获卵数和可用卵数之间差异显著(P＜0.05);不同激素方案处理组的发育卵泡两种处理方案在发育卵泡数上无显著差异(P＞0.05),但在回收率和可用卵数上差异显著(P＜0.05);不同体重组只均发育卵泡数和可用卵数之间差异显著(P＜0.05).[结论]4～6周龄的细毛羊羔羊超排获得卵母细胞数目较多;重复超排的羔羊超排效果不理想;同时,将受精液pH值调为7.5 ～7.6,并将精卵共孵育时间控制在22 ～26 h,卵母细胞体外受精及发育效果较好.     

代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长及健康状况的影响

研究了代乳粉对早期断奶羔羊生长发育及健康状况的影响,结果表明:(1)美利奴羊饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶的羔羊与对照组羔羊日增质量差异不显著(P＞0.05),波尔山羊饲喂代乳粉对早期断奶的羔羊日增质量显著高于对照组羔羊(P＜0.05),试验组为180.7 g,对照为158.0 g.(2)各日龄阶段美利奴羊、波尔山羊试验组和对照...     

饲粮组成对育肥羔羊肠道微生物菌群结构的影响

为研究饲粮组成改变对育肥羔羊肠道菌群结构及多样性的影响,选择生长发育良好、体重相近的2月龄蒙系公羔羊76只,随机分成2组,每组38只,分别饲喂不同的饲粮,对照组为精料+苜蓿饲粮,处理组为精料+全株玉米青贮+苜蓿+花生秧的全混合饲粮,试验期122 d,其中预试期20 d.试验结束后,每组随机选取4只羔羊屠宰并采集小肠及盲...     

能量对妊娠后期母羊健康及其羔羊的影响

妊娠后期是胎儿生长发育的关键时期,胎儿体重增长的80%在此阶段完成,因此该阶段母羊的能量需要量大于其他生理阶段。高产多胎是肉用种母羊的重要培育目标,当母羊处于营养水平较低的草场或舍饲条件下,怀双羔或多羔母羊的日粮能量水平不能满足其营养需要时,母羊会动用体内的糖原、体蛋白和体脂以弥补能量不足,致使母羊的代谢紊乱,肝机能受损,产生羊妊娠毒血症,影响母羊的健康和胚胎的健康生长,产出弱羔、病羔,并可能影响产后羔羊的健康生长。因此,研究妊娠后期能量水平对母羊健康、胚胎发育、羔羊生长及肉羊养殖业的发展都有重要的指导意义。作者对不同能量水平对妊娠母羊的健康、繁殖性能、泌乳性能、胚胎与羔羊生长的影响展开讨论,阐明妊娠后期能量的作用。当母羊妊娠后期能量受到限制时,母羊的体重降低,乳腺发育受阻,泌乳能力下降,受胎率下降;同时胚胎的生长速度降低,影响胚胎与产后羔羊组织器官发育和正常生长。     

7月龄和13月龄陶赛特×小尾寒羊F_1代羔羊肌肉化学成分的比较研究

本试验比较研究了无角陶赛特(父本)×小尾寒羊(母本)的杂交一代羔羊(简称为陶×寒F1)分别在7、13月龄屠宰时对羔羊肉化学成分指标的影响。结果表明,7、13月龄的陶×寒F1羔羊的背最长肌中,干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷等含量均无显著差异(P0.05)。7月龄羔羊背最长肌中的谷氨酸、苏氨酸、亮氨酸的含量均显著高于13月龄羔羊(P0.05);组氨酸含量则显著低于13月龄羔羊(P0.05),其它氨基酸含量与总必需氨基酸含量、总非必需氨基酸含量、总氨基酸含量2个月龄羔羊之间均无显著差异(P0.05)。除7月龄羔羊背最长肌中亚油酸的含量较13月龄高出近45%(P0.05)外,其它脂肪酸的含量、总不饱和脂肪酸含量、总不饱和脂肪酸/总饱和脂肪酸、胆固醇含量2个月龄羔羊之间均无显著差异(P0.05)。与7月龄羔羊相比,13月龄羔羊背最长肌中的镁、锌、铜、锰含量均有提高趋势(P0.05),其中铁含量增加17.2%。因此,13与7月龄陶×寒F1羔羊肌肉的营养价值基本相同。     

口服福尔马林对羔羊消化代谢与生长的影响

将8只30日龄、体重(6.9±1.0)kg的小尾寒羊×无角陶赛特母羔羊随机分为2组(每组4只),以研究口服福尔马林对羔羊自由采食、消化代谢、屠宰性能和甲醛残留的影响。结果表明,在55～80、95～120和125～150日龄3个日龄段,对照组羔羊的干物质采食量分别为(567.3±27.5)、(752.4±9.01)和(1044.1±30.8)g/(d.头),口服福尔马林组分别增加22.02%(P0.01)、28.75%(P0.01)和41.79%(P0.01);对照组羔羊的氮保留分别为(12.3±0.8)、(13.6±0.2)和(18.0±0.6)g/(d.头),口服福尔马林组分别增加25.20%(P0.01)、41.91%(P0.01)和46.11%(P0.01);对照组羔羊的日增重分别为(157.1±11.7)、(246.4±24.4)和(250.0±8.3)g/(d.头),口服福尔马林组分别增加18.20%(P0.05)、23.21%(P0.05)和27.16%(P0.01);而两组间的日粮消化率无显著差异。240日龄对照组和口服福尔马林组羔羊的胴体重分别为(20.37±1.78)和(24.55±1.14)kg/头(P0.01),屠宰率分别为48.59%±1.08%和50.46%±1.02%(P0.05),瘦肉率分别为65.22%±1.57%和64.84%±1.11%(P0.05)。羔羊血液、肌肉、肾脏、肝脏、瘤胃组织和小肠组织中的甲醛含量对照组分别为(1.84±0.44)mg/L、(0.35±0.26)mg/kg、(1.10±0.67)mg/kg、(0.74±0.34)mg/kg、(0.91±0.72)mg/kg和(0.79±0.41)mg/kg,在试验组分别为(1.47±0.61)mg/L、(0.54±0.34)mg/kg、(1.65±0.71)mg/kg、(0.91±0.38)mg/kg、(2.03±0.71)mg/L和(0.85±0.42)mg/L。因此,口服福尔马林可增加羔羊的自由采食量而不影响消化率,提高羔羊对日粮的消化量和羔羊日增重;以上这种作用随羔羊的日龄增加而增强;口服福尔马林提高羔羊的胴体重、屠宰率,但不影响胴体的瘦肉率;长期口服福尔马林羔羊的组织器官中甲醛的含量低于2.0 mg/kg。     

不同饲养方式对羔羊育肥效果的比较

在贵州省贵阳市花溪区麦坪乡国家牧草种子基地进行了3种饲养方式下,试验羊增重情况的比较试验。试验1组:放牧+补饲以玉米为主的精料;试验2组:放牧+补饲玉米青贮料为主的精料;试验3组:放牧。结果表明,试验1组总增重为(8.30±0.26)kg;试验2组总增重为(11.60±0.29)kg;对照组试验3组总增重为(4.35±0.28)kg,3组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。