我国兽用中化药产业供给侧结构调整与公共服务方式转变解析

利用统计和调查数据,对我国兽用中化药供给总量规模、产能利用率、供给结构、技术创新等进行了分析,提出了兽用中化药供给侧存在的主要问题,分析了结构性矛盾的主要成因,并提出了政府公共服务方式转变的政策建议。     

兽药制剂中非法添加化学药物现状及检测技术研究进展

针对目前兽药制剂中非法添加的情况,本文对近年来兽药制剂中非法添加化学药物情况,已查明用于非法添加的化学药物,以及目前用于兽药制剂中非法添加化学药物的检测技术进行综述,并对非法添加物的筛查思路提出展望。     

从双黄连口服液分析中兽药提取制剂的应用前景

和中兽药非提取制剂（主要是散剂）相比,虽然中兽药提取制剂具有明显优点,但片面于讲究现代化制剂工艺和指标性质量标准,导致生产成本增高,失去了经济动物应用价值。针对经济动物临床应用特点,中兽药提取制剂应遵循中兽医药客观特点及发展规律,既要满足药剂学要求,又要保持中兽医药特色,即要充分利用现代先进制剂技术,还有保持制剂成本符合经济规律。     

Faecal Campylobacter shedding among dogs in animal shelters across Texas

Epidemiologic studies on faecal Campylobacter shedding among dogs in the United States have been limited, despite evidence that the incidence of human campylobacteriosis has increased over the last decade. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of faecal Campylobacter shedding among shelter dogs in Texas, to estimate the specific prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli shedding, and to identify risk factors for Campylobacter‐positive status. Using a cross‐sectional study design, we collected faecal samples from dogs in six animal shelters across Texas between May and December, 2014. Quantitative PCR protocols were used to detect Campylobacter in samples and to specifically identify C. jejuni and C. coli. The prevalence of faecal Campylobacter shedding among sampled dogs was 75.7% (140/185). Prevalence varied significantly by shelter (p = .03), ranging from 57% to 93%. There was a marginal association (p = .06) between abnormal faecal consistency and positive Campylobacter status, after controlling for shelter as a random effect. However, approximately 70% of Campylobacter‐positive dogs had grossly normal faeces. Campylobacter prevalence did not vary significantly by age group or sex. The prevalence of C. jejuni‐positive samples was 5.4% (10/185), but C. coli was not detected in any samples. Dogs are a potential source of zoonotic Campylobacter transmission.     

哥斯达黎加森林生态服务补偿机制演进及启示

通过分析哥斯达黎加森林生态服务补偿机制演进历程,总结出其项目类型多样、参加者自主性强、项目合同规范高效、项目资金来源渠道丰富、补偿标准合理、从自愿的补偿向强制性支付转变等对我国有益的启示,并在此基础上提出改进我国森林生态效益补偿机制的建议。     

Research Progress on Antibodies Rapid Detection Technology for Veterinary Synthetic Antibacterial Agents

Synthetic antibacterial agents are widely used in prevention and treatment of animal diseases. However, the irrational drugs use has caused severe drug residues issues and bacteria resistance.Therefore,it is particularly important to develop the rapid detection technology.The antibodies rapid detection technology has broad prospects because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and low cost. The author reviewed the latest research on antibodies preparation and rapid detection methods for sulfonamides,fluoroquinolones, quinoxalines, nitrofurans and nitroimidazoles. It is great significant for the development of antibody rapid detection methods on the veterinary drug residues.     

农业生产性服务对我国粮食生产成本效率的影响分析——以水稻产业为例

农业生产性服务对于缓解粮食生产节本上涨压力,实现农业可持续发展具有重要意义。本文以我国农业生产性服务发展水平较高的水稻产业为例,在分析水稻生产性服务发展现状的基础上,利用国家水稻产业综合实验站固定观察点的农户调查数据,采用随机前沿方法,分析了农业生产性服务对粮食成本效率的影响。结果表明,当前我国水稻生产性服务在生产环节发展上差异明显,金融保险服务、技术服务、机械服务等产中环节服务发展水平要高于农资供应、加工销售等产前和产后环节;水稻种植农户平均成本效率为0.73,总体还处于较低水平,水稻生产的实际成本相对于前沿成本存在较大偏离,这种偏离主要是由成本无效率导致的;金融保险服务、技术服务、机械服务和加工销售服务等水稻生产性服务对于提高成本效率、节约生产成本具有显著作用,但农资供应服务作用并不显著;户主受教育水平和水稻种植经验对提高成本效率也具有显著作用。在此基础上,提出了拓宽农业生产性服务发展环节,提高农业生产性服务整体发展水平、充分发挥产中环节和产后环节对成本效率的提升作用,以及加强农民教育和职业培育等提高我国水稻生产成本效率的对策建议。     

Examining the Research Practices of Agricultural Scholars at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities

ABSTRACT

During the spring and summer of 2016, the University of Minnesota Libraries joined 18 other institutions to participate in Ithaka S+R's Research Support Services Program to explore agricultural scholars' research focus, research methods, and publishing practices. This report summarizes our local findings, resulting from 16 interviews with University of Minnesota faculty from the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences on the Twin Cities campus. It also offers suggestions for agriculture libraries and librarians based on the data we have gathered.