北京中山地区非石灰性土壤发生分类的研究

利用剖面形态、微形态、理化分析、粘粘x衍射分析等结果,对北京中山地区土壤的发生过程和分类问题进行了研究。首次提出尘暴降尘物质对土壤发生过程的滞缓作用。若土壤分类上采用pH(KCI),北京中山地区非石灰性土壤应属于暗棕壤。在土壤分类特征上,为在山地普遍应用中避免估算和推测造成混乱,建议采用反映该地区水分和温度状况的植被。     

梨三倍体新品种龙园洋红的选育

龙园洋红梨是梨三倍体新品种,亲本为56-520×乔玛,抗寒性强,短枝型.果实不规则长椭圆形,果形指数1.13,平均单果重185.5 g,每个果实平均2.5粒种子,种子小、不饱满,多畸形.果皮浅黄色,阳面有红晕,果肉乳白色,肉质细软多汁,风味甜,有香气,可溶性固形物16.05%.果实在哈尔滨地区9月中旬成熟.     

Evaluation of a combined penetrometer for simultaneous measurement of penetration resistance and soil water content

A combined penetrometer is an appropriate tool to measure the soil cone resistance and the water‐content profile. As a relatively new technique, a combined capacitance‐penetrometer for the simultaneous measurement of cone index and soil water content was developed at the Department of Agricultural Engineering of Bonn University in 2002. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness and applicability of the innovated penetrometer with a focus on three aspects: (1) A capacitance sensor with two electrode configurations was calibrated for silt loam, sandy loam, and sand. The calibration results show that both electrode configurations have sufficient water‐content sensitivity, but soil‐specific calibrations seem necessary. (2) Under laboratory conditions, the dynamic resolution and response of the capacitance‐penetrometer were validated, and its radius of influence was determined. (3) The field measurement results demonstrate that this measurement technique can be used to improve the interpretation quality of soil cone index data.     

大豆新品种黑农44的选育及不同种植方式对其产量和品质的影响

黑农 4 4属于高脂肪、高产品种 ,其基础与亲本的遗传有关 ,在后代选择上主要是按着母本哈85 - 6 437(黑农 37)生态类型选择。不同密度穴播比条播增产 ,在 15～ 2 5万株 /hm2 时穴播较条播增产 0 .9%～ 13.1% ,同时脂肪含量提高 ;黑农 4 4主要栽培要点是 :密度 2 0～ 2 5万株 /hm2 ,采用穴播 ,种肥施磷酸二铵 15 0～ 187.5kg/hm2 ,实行通透管理 ,防治病虫草害。     

An evaluation of the pesera soil erosion model and its application to a case study in Zakynthos, Greece

Abstract. The Pan‐European Soil Erosion Risk Assessment (pesera ) model was evaluated using existing soil erosion data collected under various types of climate, vegetation, landscape and soil conditions. The data used represent a variety of typical Mediterranean land uses such as winter wheat, vines, olives and bare, stony land prevailing in hilly areas. Using this data, the model was calibrated for sediment transport by overland flow and results compared to measured soil erosion values from runoff plots and a watershed on a monthly basis. The performance of the model was assessed statistically, showing that it can be satisfactorily used for predicting soil erosion rates under the conditions included in the study. The overall model estimate including all the available experimental data was 0.69 t ha^?1 yr^?1 with a maximum error of 1.49 t ha^?1 yr^?1. After validation, the model was applied to a small watershed (60 ha) of great ecological importance for the sea turtle Caretta caretta. For this purpose, soil and vegetation maps were compiled from all the necessary data for applying the model. The model was run for three years using daily data from an existing nearby meteorological station. The predicted and measured soil erosion rates for a 7‐month period were 0.31 t and 0.18 t, respectively. Application of the model to each mapping unit showed the over‐riding importance of land use for sediment generation under the given climatic conditions. Bare land, occupying 5.5% of the watershed area, generated up to 69% of the total sediments estimated for the watershed. It is concluded that the pesera model can be used as a regional diagnostic tool under a range of soil, topographic and climatic conditions for identifying the best land use type and vegetation cover to protect hilly areas from soil erosion. The calculated overall root mean square error for the model is 0.06 t ha^?1 yr^?1, compared to a soil erosion rate of 0.04 t ha^?1 yr^?1, which can be tolerated for protecting the area for the sea turtle.     

沙土区薄壁连拱护岸墙试验与应用

沙土区薄壁连拱护岸墙为悬臂式支撑、薄壁连拱无底板结构，拱板中间采用无砂砼排水孔的钢筋砼肋形预制板，冲沉法施工，造价低廉；外形美观，抗倾、抗滑性能强。该墙为平原沙土区河道水土保持及修复找到了一条经济合理、施工方便、简便易行的护坡办法，具有较高的实用价值和广阔的推广使用前景。     

台江采育场竹木混交林丰产措施试验

对台江林业采育场现有竹木混交林进行施肥和土壤垦复两种试验，结果表明，不同施肥处理虽有一定增产效果，但经方差分析未达到显著水平；不同土壤垦复措施的增产效果，以深翻加施肥的新竹产量最高，锄草松土居第二，单纯深翻并不理想，效果不如劈山抚育。因而，新兴竹木混交林应以调整竹林结构和护笋养竹为主，每年锄草松土即可达到材用丰产林标准，不宜盲目深翻、施肥。     

不同的施肥方式对剑麻施肥区域土壤微生物类群的影响

研究不同的施肥方式对剑麻施肥区域土壤微生物类群产生的影响。结果表明，不同施肥方式下土壤微生物总量各有差异，在总体数量上以细菌为主，真菌次之，再其次是放线茵，特殊生理类群是解磷茵居多，纤维素分解茵次之，固氮茵最少；但从土壤微生物多样性指数来看，则表现为土壤中主要微生物类群多样性指数是施肥点的土壤高于附近的土壤，而土壤中特殊生理微生物多样性指数则无此变化趋势，即微生物总数高的土壤，其多样性指数不一定高。因此评价土壤生物多样性应将二者结合起来。     

松嫩平原不同演替阶段植物群落和土壤特性的关系

探讨了松嫩草原植物群落演替与土壤化学性质与土壤肥力的关系。结果表明：不同演替群落阶段，其土壤的化学性质和肥力存在一定差异，由于土壤化学性质不同，使群落镶嵌分布，组成植被的复合体。随着植被的退化演替，群落的盖度，高度下降，种类组成趋于简单化，生物量减少，土壤盐碱化程度加重，土壤肥力下降，出现次生盐碱植物群落，群落的生物量与土壤值，含盐量，碱化度呈负相关，与土壤腐殖质和全氮含量呈正相关。     

新型冬暖式日光温室的研究

针对普通型日光温室存在的主要缺陷 ,对普通型日光温室进行了改良研究 ,设计出一种能够克服普通型日光温室缺点的新型冬暖式温室 ,经过试验、示范 ,达到了降低造价、增加有效使用面积、增强保温效果、提高经济效益的目的