Vertical Stratification of Ammonia in a Broiler House

The broiler industry is not immune to the problematic nature of NH₃ production in animal rearing facilities. Though the headlines of today focus on environmental impact considerations, the detrimental effects of the house air quality on farmers and birds remain considerable for industry viability. This research investigated the vertical stratification of in-house NH₃ combined with sampling position down the center of the house and with different NH₃ analysis technologies. The results indicated that reuse of litter and house ventilation correlate to trends in NH₃ concentration at particular measurement heights. When tunnel ventilation was primary, NH₃ concentrations decreased vertically with increasing distance from the litter surface. However, with lower outside temperatures, little ventilation, and a stagnant house atmosphere, no concentration gradient was evident. The work also demonstrated significant variability among professionally calibrated instruments and traditionally used pull tubes. Characterization of interior air quality of broiler houses should consider sampling height to effectively address bird exposure.     

沼气和塑料大棚配套应用技术的研究

运用沼气技术开发生物能和利用塑料大棚开发太阳能在国内外是比较普及的技术.在江苏省以北地区,由于冬季温度较低,沼气池一般情况下不能产气,是该地区推广沼气能源利用的障碍之一.     

基于BP神经网络的猪舍有害气体定量检测模型研究

为寻找适合猪舍混合有害气体浓度识别的神经网络模型，建立了基于误差反向传播（BP）神经网络的猪舍有害气体定量检测模型，分别使用trainbr函数、traingdm函数及trainlm函数训练该神经网络，对有害氨气和硫化氢组成的混合气体浓度进行识别，并利用MATLAB软件的神经网络工具箱进行仿真。结果表明，采用trainbr函数训练的网络对该混合气体的平均识别精度高，速度较快，对噪声不敏感，适合猪舍有害气体的浓度识别。这为猪舍有害气体智能化监控提供了参考依据。     

中药饲料添加剂“速肥绿药”对架子牛育肥试验

采用单因素方差分析设计,设3个处理(空白对照组、添加50 g组、100 g组),每个处理设6个重复。用自行研制的纯中草药饲料添加剂"速肥绿药"对西♂×西杂♀1代肉牛架子牛进行了育肥及屠宰试验。结果表明,3组间初始重差异不显著(P>0.05);添加50 g组和100 g组末重(宰前重)均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);100 g组胴体重、屠宰率、日增重分别为402.67kg、59.28%、1.75 kg/d,后2项指标均较50 g组及对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。     

塑料大棚切花月季高品质栽培关键技术

系统地阐述了大棚高品质切花月季栽培设施、土壤改良、苗木定植、栽培管理、修剪管理、病虫害防治以及采收等管理措施。     

Analysis of clinical signs associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy in casualty slaughter cattle

Clinical signs associated with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) were studied in 1008 casualty slaughter cattle over 30 months of age to compare the results with the BSE status as determined by postmortem tests. The clinical BSE status was assessed using seven different criteria based on various publications. Only one (0.10%) out of 997 casualty slaughter cattle with a matching postmortem test result was positive for BSE. The BSE case was identified by only two case definitions tailored specifically to recumbent cases. The variety and often equivocal definition of clinical signs associated with BSE is reflected by the difference in the criteria that usually identified different animals as BSE suspects. The BSE status may be more difficult to assess in recumbent animals that do not allow a full clinical examination, and BSE may not be suspected if another disease is present that may mask signs of BSE.     

畜禽养殖舍生物土壤滤体除臭装置

为研究土壤生物滤体除臭装置对于畜禽养殖场散发出的恶臭气体的去除效果,该文概述了生物土壤滤体除臭装置性能指标、结构和工作原理。确定了关键部件结构参数和运行参数,并通过在气体分布基质层中增加布气网管方式提高臭气滤除效果。采用的活性土壤滤层配方为:草腐土75%,珍珠岩20%,黑炭5%,滤层高度1000mm,滤料表面负荷15.5～22.0m3/(m2.h),滤料湿度控制范围(52±3)%。试验结果表明,主要恶臭物质NH3、CH4和CO2去除率大于95%;CO和氮氧化物(以NO2计)去除率大于85%,与畜禽臭气共同扩散的总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和总悬浮物(TSP)去除率大于95%,系统排出气体的臭气浓度分别为7.5～8.0,符合达标排放要求。     

雏鸡舍氨气的原位无动力生物滤器处理试验

针对室外生物滤器受气候条件影响、维护成本高及我国雏鸡舍密闭加温通风少而导致氨气浓度高危害大等问题,研究无动力生物滤器原位处理雏鸡舍氨气的效果,分析了内外基质氮元素、pH值、电导率(EC)等指标的变化.为期37 d与育雏期生产同步的试验表明,生物滤器的表层基质氨气去除能力不低于4.03 g/kg,吸收氨氮含量最高达1.59 g/kg,转化硝氮含量最高达2.69 g/kg,亚硝氮含量几乎为0,基质pH值不断下降,变化范围为8.81 ～7.39,电导率不断上升,最大上升量达2.30 mS/cm.内层基质中氨氮、硝氮与总无机氮含量和电导率均低于表层基质,需要进一步优化基质厚度.结果表明,原位无动力生物滤器氨气处理效果好,可应用于育雏舍污染气体控制.     

The detection of anthelmintic resistance by the faecal egg count reduction test: An examination of some of the factors affecting performance and interpretation

This study examines and compares the possible effects of several procedural variants with those of a currently recommended faecal egg count reduction test for the detection of anthelmintic resistance. The results suggest that the failure of an anthelmintic to reduce the arithmetic mean egg counts of 10–15 animals by at least 90%, from either their pre-treatment levels or from those of an untreated control group 5–10 days later, is likely to be an appropriate procedure. It is recommended that such evaluations of drench performance be regularly conducted on farms. Some suggestions as to how this might be encouraged are made, and the role of larval cultures both in increasing the sensitivity and in enhancing the value of the faecal egg count reduction test are discussed.     

Adiaspiromycosis in suspected cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in the common brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula)

Pulmonary adiaspiromycosis was diagnosed in 15 of 17 common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) examined for bovine tuberculosis. Emmonsia crescens was isolated from two of the affected animals. This is the first reported isolation of this dimorphic fungus in New Zealand. The infections varied from light to heavy with sparsely distributed, focal, 1–2 mm diameter, grey-white spherical granulomas in the lightly infected cases to innumerable foci throughout the lungs in the heavily infected cases. Histologically, the lesions were characterised by a central fungal adiaspore consistent in morphology with E. crescens located in alveolar spaces or bronchioles. These were surrounded by a cuff of granulomatous inflammation which varied in density and extent in proportion to the degree of degeneration exhibited by the organism.

The lesions in most cases of adiaspiromycosis in the possum are sufficiently distinctive to allow their differentiation from tuberculosis by gross examination, but where any doubt exists over the possibility of dual infection by Emmonsia and Mycobacterium species differentiation should be made on the basis of a histological examination of the tissue and culture for mycobacterial organisms.