东亚飞蝗唾液二氯甲烷萃取物成分鉴定

用二氯甲烷作为溶剂萃取东亚飞蝗4龄、5龄以及成虫的唾液分泌物。通过GC-MS进行检测,研究发现唾液分泌物主要是2,4-二氨基[1H,3H]嘧啶二酮、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸和胆甾醇5种成分,并且在4龄、5龄以及成虫的唾液分泌物这5种成分相同,不存在差异性。     

Blood-to-saliva glucose time lag in sedated healthy dogs

The management of diabetes mellitus mandates measurement of blood glucose. Saliva offers an alternative to blood sampling, but measurement of the salivary glucose concentration is difficult, and the blood-to-saliva glucose time lag is uncertain. We aimed to determine the serum–saliva glucose time lag in the saliva of healthy dogs. The combined duct of the mandibular and sublingual salivary glands of 6 dogs was cannulated to collect saliva and prevent glucose degradation by oral bacteria. Following a 0.25 g/kg IV bolus of dextrose, paired serum–saliva samples were collected at baseline and in twelve 5-min blocks over 60 min. Serum and salivary glucose levels were analyzed with a linear mixed model for repeated measures with a compound symmetry error structure. Mean (±SD) saliva production was 10.3 ± 2.9 µL/kg/min, and the area under the curve (AUC_glucose)_saliva/serum ratio was 0.006, which highlights the magnitude of the large difference in glucose concentration between the 2 compartments. The serum–saliva glucose time lag was 30–40 min.     

浅谈林区公路涎流冰病害及处理

涎流冰是林区公路的常见病害，它的形成与很多因素有关，由于各种因素的不同而产生了不同类型、规模的涎流冰，该文探讨了涎流冰的形成条件、类型特征及几种常见的治理方法。     

Interaction of Aradus cinnamomeus (Heteroptera,Aradidae) with Pinus sylvestris: The role of free amino acids

The role of nitrogenous compounds in the pest‐host interaction of Aradus cinnamomeus and Pinus sylvestris was studied by analysing free amino acids and related compounds in the insects and the cambial layer of Scots pine. About 35 different compounds were identified by means of thin‐layer and automatic ion‐exchange chromatography. The total content of amino acids in the insects was ca. 0.86% of the fresh weight (65 μmoles/g), ca. 0.075% (7.2 μmoles/g) in the young phloem layer of Scots pine, and ca. 0.078% (6.8 μmoles/g) in the young xylem layer. The most abundant free amino acids in the insects were proline and glutamine, followed by alanine, glutamic acid, taurine, histidine, arginine, and lysine. The amino acid composition was similar in males and females, and almost identical in brachypterous and macropterous females. The concentration of glutamic acid was low in the hemolymph but high in the salivary glands and other tissues. In other respects the amino acid composition of the salivary glands resembled that of the whole insect. No distinctly phytotoxic compounds were identified in the insects. The predominant amino compounds in the cambial layer of the pine saplings were γ‐aminobutyric acid, glutamine, ethanolamine, serine and alanine. The amino acid composition was similar in extracts of phloem and xylem. The bulk of the alcohol‐soluble compounds in the pine cambial layer were carbohydrates (ca. 3.5% of fresh weight).     

大白母猪发情期前后唾液蛋白组学分析

为解决养猪生产中传统发情鉴定法工作量大、准确率低等问题,本研究以经产大白母猪为研究对象,将发情周期分为发情前3天(PE),发情期(E)和发情后3天(AE)3个阶段,分别收集口腔中唾液,提取唾液蛋白,使用Lable-free定量蛋白组学技术对3个阶段的唾液蛋白组进行质谱检测,并通过蛋白质组学定性定量软件Maxquant进...     

Post natal oestrogen administration stimulates precocious endometrial gland development in the horse

Reasons for performing study: Fillies completely devoid of endometrial glands (uterine gland knockout; UGKO) would make ideal experimental models in which to study the role of endometrial histotroph in embryogenesis and early fetal development in the mare. Hypothesis: Administration of a synthetic progestagen plus oestrogen to newborn filly foals and, thereafter, at regular intervals to age 6 months, would permanently suppress endometrial gland development. Methods: Nine half‐sister Thoroughbred filly foals were treated, in 3 groups, with: A) the weakly active progestagen, norgestomet, administered from birth to age 6 months, in subcutaneous implant form plus oestradiol valerate and norgestomet i.m. at fortnightly intervals; B) the strongly active oral progestagen, altrenogest, administered daily from birth to age 6 months plus fortnightly injections of oestradiol valerate and norgestomet; C) nothing (untreated controls). Endometrial biopsies were recovered from all fillies at ages 6 months and 2 years to assess the degree of endometrial gland morphogenesis and to determine immunohistochemically the presence or absence of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in the endometrial tissues. Results: Groups B and C showed no endometrial gland development, whereas Group A fillies showed a high degree of endometrial gland development, plus strong staining for both oestrogen and progesterone receptors at age 6 months. All 9 fillies showed full normal endometrial gland morphogenesis, development and function at age 2 years. Conclusions and relevance: While the administration of a strongly active progestagen over‐rode the actions of the concomitantly administered oestrogen and suppressed endometrial gland development during the period of administration, treatment with oestradiol valerate together with a weakly active progestagen, stimulated precocious endometrial gland development. Neither steroid was able to create the desired UGKO experimental model and all fillies showed normal endometrial gland development and fertility after puberty. Hence, ovarian oestrogen, not progesterone, appears to be the basic stimulus for endometrial gland morphogenesis in the horse.     

Anchoring tick salivary anti-complement proteins IRAC I and IRAC II to membrane increases their immunogenicity

Tick salivary proteins are promising targets for the development of anti-tick vaccines. Recently, we described two paralogous anti-complement proteins, called Ixodes ricinus anti-complement (IRAC) proteins I and II, that are co-expressed in tick I. ricinus salivary glands. However, our previous attempts to immunize rabbits against IRAC via infection with recombinant Bovine herpesvirus 4 (BoHV-4) vectors invariably failed although both recombinants expressed high levels of functional IRAC proteins in vitro. As IRAC are soluble monovalent antigens, one of the possible explanations is that monovalent ligation of the B-cell receptor induces receptor activation but fails to promote antigen presentation, a phenomenon that is thought to induce a state of B-cell tolerance. In the present study, we tried to increase IRAC immunogenicity by expressing them as oligovalent antigens. To this end, IRAC were fused to membrane anchors and BoHV-4 vectors expressing these recombinant forms were produced. The immunization potentials of recombinant viruses expressing either secreted or transmembrane IRAC proteins were then compared. While the former did not induce a detectable immune response against IRAC, the latter led to high titres of anti-IRAC antibodies that only marginally affected tick blood feeding. All together, the data presented in this study demonstrate that the immunogenicity of a soluble antigen can be greatly improved by anchoring it in membrane.     

Daily rhythms of serum and salivary parameters in goats

Objective   Determine the daily rhythms of urea, bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium and inorganic phosphorus secretion in the serum and saliva of goats and whether there is a relationship between them.
Design   Ten non-gravid, non-lactating does underwent a 30-day preconditioning period (natural 24-h photoperiod, environmental temperature 19–21°C, relative humidity 40–50%, the same feeding regimen, offered as a single meal at 07:00 hours, and water ad libitum), following which saliva and blood samples were collected from each subject every 4 h for 2 days (starting at 08:00 hours) for measurement of urea and electrolytes.
Results   Data analysis was conducted by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and by the single cosinor method. ANOVA showed a significant effect of time (0.001 < P < 0.01) on all the studied parameters in saliva and serum on both days. Cosinor analysis identified the periodic parameters and their acrophases (expressed in hours) during the 2 days of monitoring. Serum and salivary acrophases were all diurnal and were observed between 11:40 and 16:24 hours. No circadian rhythmicity was found for bicarbonate, magnesium or potassium in either saliva or serum.
Conclusion   There was a daily rhythm of secretion for the majority of the measured parameters, suggesting the potential role of saliva as an additional, reliable index for physiological, clinical, nutritional and chronophysiological studies.