银耳多糖与透明质酸的保湿性能比较

[目的]研究银耳多糖的保湿性能,为银耳多糖在化妆品中的应用提供理论依据。[方法]通过在相同的化妆品配方体系中添加不同比例的银耳多糖,按照由北京工商大学等单位起草的化妆品保湿功效的测定方法,采用德国CK公司的CM825型皮肤水分测试仪,将所得产品的保湿性与添加透明质酸产品的保湿性进行对比,研究了银耳多糖的保湿效果。[结果]在该研究所述的配方体系中,添加0.05%银耳多糖的产品的保湿效果已经优于添加0.02%透明质酸的产品。添加0.10%的银耳多糖在该研究所述配方体系中可以达到最佳的保湿效果。[结论]银耳多糖的保湿效果与透明质酸相当,其替代透明质酸作为保湿剂可以取得较好的经济效益。     

不同林龄巨尾桉人工林土壤的水土保持功能

对福建省漳州市不同林龄的巨尾桉(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis)人工林土壤的持水性、渗透性、抗蚀性等水土保持功能进行了研究.结果表明:桉树人工林最大持水量随着林龄的增加而增加(0.3 a<1 a<2 a<3、4、6 a);6年生桉树林持水量最大(3064.13 t.hm-2);排水能力、初渗率、稳渗率随林龄的增加而显著提高.土壤颗粒在静水中的崩解过程符合y=alnx+b,R2为0.85-0.99;10 min累积崩解率随林龄的增加而逐渐下降,水稳性指数随林龄的增加显著增大.相关分析结果表明,土壤的持水能力、渗透能力、抗蚀能力主要取决于土壤密度、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度及非毛管孔隙度和粘粒含量.不同林龄桉树人工林土壤水土保持功能排序为:0.3 a<2 a<3 a<4 a<1 a<6 a.     

外源生物质炭对土壤中铵态氮素滞留效应的影响

以生物质炭和黄棕壤为研究材料,通过阳离子交换量测定、铵态氮等温吸附实验以及模拟土柱淋溶,研究生物质炭对土壤铵态氮素滞留效应的影响。发现生物质炭以1%、3%和5%添加后,土壤CEC值分别增加9.4%、14.7%和19.7%,铵态氮素淋失量分别减少22%、39%和47%,氮素滞留量分别增加15%、5%和14%;同时影响氮素在土层中的分布,其中加生物质炭土壤的氮素集中在土柱上部5～7cm处,而不加生物质炭土壤集中在中部偏下9～11cm处。结果表明,生物质炭能够提高土壤对铵态氮素的吸附能力,显著降低土壤铵态氮素养分的淋失。     

不同稻草还田方式下土壤碳库管理指数的研究(英文)

[目的]明确稻草还田方式对双季稻田土壤肥力的影响。[方法]对不同稻草还田方式对土壤总有机碳(CTOC)、活性有机碳(CA)、矿化碳(CM)的影响进行分析,并计算各处理碳库活度(A)、碳库活度指数(AI)、碳库指数(CPI)和碳库管理指数(CPMI)。[结果]与不施肥对照相比,早晚稻两季稻草还田提高了土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳和矿化碳含量及其碳素有效率。等养分条件下,稻草还田处理的土壤总有机碳、活性有机碳及其碳素有效率均高于稻草烧灰还田和稻草不还田处理,且活性有机碳含量差异显著。土壤碳库管理指数处理间差异达显著或极显著,其大小趋势为稻草全量还田>稻草烧灰还田>稻草不还田。[结论]本研究为增加土壤活性有机碳含量以及增加土壤肥力提供了量化的理论依据。     

Effect of edge stands on the development of young Pinus sylvestris stands in southern Finland

Abstract

The quantitative effect of pine-dominated edge stands in southern Finland on the density and growth of pine saplings was addressed in the study. The cumulative effect of a mature edge stand on the development of a pine sapling stand with variable cutblock sizes was also estimated. The data were acquired from 10 study sites with a Scots pine sapling stand with a current dominant height of 1–6 m and an adjoining middle-aged to mature edge stand dominated by Scots pine. Tree level models were constructed to describe and simulate the structure and development of the sapling stands. The results indicated that dividing an average regeneration area (2 ha) into smaller cutblock units (1.0–0.5 ha) appreciably increased the edge stand effect. Total stand volume growth was 6% lower on 1 ha cutblocks, and 31% lower on 0.5 ha blocks, than on 2 ha blocks.     

Soil water characteristics in glacial till at two forest sites in Sweden

Soil water characteristics were determined in 6 soil profiles along a Norway spruce forested sandy‐loamy till hillslope in Southern and Northern Sweden, respectively. The soil moisture class was mesic at both sites, i.e. having well drained soil water conditions. Two different Podzols; Leptic and Orthic, were developed at each site respectively. The vertical distribution of soil water retention capacity (SWRC) was similar in the different profiles at each site respectively. The SWRC of the mineral soil was significantly higher in the spodic B horizon compared to the other horizons. In concordance with the vertical distribution of SWRC, the largest amount of organic matter in the mineral soil, measured as ignition loss, was also found in the spodic B horizon. The significantly higher SWRC in the spodic B horizon, i.e. the ¡lluvial horizon, was suggested to depend on the accumulated organic‐sesquioxide material in this horizon. As SWRC reached maximum values in the spodic B horizon at all tensions applied, it was further suggested that soil formation in the studied profiles enhanced the formation of both micro‐ and macropores in the spodic B horizon. The variation of SWRC, at a certain level in the soil, was often larger within a profile than between the profiles at each site respectively.     

保护性耕作对黄土旱塬玉米土壤呼吸及微生物数量的影响

研究了实施保护性耕作10年后秸秆还田和免耕对土壤可培养微生物数量和CO2释放的影响,采用LI COR 6400 09土壤气室连接红外线气体分析仪测定了玉米（Zea mays cv.Zhongdan No.2）土壤呼吸速率,采用平板涂抹计数法测定了根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量。结果表明,免耕和秸秆还田处理玉米花期土壤呼吸速率降低了8.3%和7.8%,玉米收获期土壤呼吸速率降低了15.5%和13.6%;土壤10 cm处地温与土壤呼吸速率变化趋势一致,且在传统耕作处理下最高;与传统耕作相比,免耕和秸秆还田不同程度地增加了根际土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,但各类微生物数量之间的比例恒定;土壤呼吸速率与3类根际土壤微生物的数量呈负相关,但不显著。可利用免耕和秸秆还田提高黄土旱塬土壤碳库贮量。     

汶川地震灾区辐射松覆盖保水造林试验研究

连续3a研究了不同覆盖保水方法对辐射松（Pinus radiate D．Don）造林及幼林生长的影响,结果表明：（1）塑料薄膜覆盖比对照造林保存率提高12．2个百分点、苗高生长量提高11．9cm、地径生长量提高0．57cm,石块覆盖比对照造林保存率提高12．2个百分点、苗高生长量提高9．3cm、地径生长量提高0．39cm。（2）塑料薄膜覆盖的幼树提早20d左右萌动、延迟15d左右停止生长,石块覆盖幼树提早10d左右萌动、延迟7d左右停止生长。