府河-白洋淀硝酸盐来源判定及迁移转化规律

近年来白洋淀流域内经济高速发展、人口增加,生活污水排放量增大,严重威胁府河和白洋淀水质,其中硝酸盐浓度过高引发的水体富营养化是河流系统面临的重要难题。以白洋淀和唯一一条常年有水的入淀河流——府河为研究对象,结合水化学、水中氢氧同位素(δ~2H、δ~(18)O)和硝酸盐氮同位素(δ~(15)N)的方法 ,分析2008—2016年水化学特征和水化学类型变化,明确府河-白洋淀淀区硝酸盐污染来源以及沿程迁移转化规律,为其水质富营养化管理提供参考。研究结果表明:府河2008年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值10‰,2014年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围是2.07‰~18.49‰,府河硝酸盐主要来自于保定市和沿府河村落的生活污水;但2009年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围是-3.7‰~4‰,府河硝酸盐主要来源于工业废水。白洋淀淀区2008年和2014年硝酸盐δ~(15)N值的变化范围分别是5.8‰~11.7‰和3.31‰~12.53‰,2009年δ~(15)N值的变化范围是-3.8‰~0.7‰,说明府河的生活污水和工业废水是白洋淀淀区硝酸盐的主要来源。2008—2014年Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)浓度比例逐渐减小,工业废水和生活污水的排入受到控制;2009年因工业废水的排放NO3-浓度超过50 mg·L~(-1),2014年和2016年NO_3~-浓度未超标;控制硝酸盐浓度变化的主要因素是降水稀释、外源输入及反硝化脱氮作用,当溶解氧(DO)小于2 mg·L~(-1)时,硝酸盐的减少主要受反硝化作用影响。     

基于无线传感器网络的鱼塘监控系统

本文设计了基于无线传感器网络的鱼塘实时在线智能监控系统,有效解决了传统的鱼塘观测手段存在的问题,例如：费时费力、步骤复杂、成本高等。该系统在鱼塘的监测区域中利用无线传感器节点,测得该区域中的温度和溶氧量,并通过Zigbee网络将数据传输到终端控制系统,控制系统作出判断并发出报警信号和控制增氧机的状态。系统中以MSP430和XBEE模块为核心芯片,能够实时在线监测鱼塘中的一些参数,例如温度、溶氧量等。同时该系统还可以进一步扩展使用GPRS或3G网络实现远程监控。     

Differential Expression of Two Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidases and Two Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stress in Rice

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) play central roles in the pathway for scavenging reactive oxygen species in plants, thereby contributing to the tolerance against abiotic stress. Here we report the responses of cytosolic SOD (cSOD; sodCc1 and sodCc2) and cytosolic APX (cAPX; OsAPX1 and OsAPX2) genes to oxidative and abiotic stress in rice. RNA blot analyses revealed that methyl viologen treatment caused a more prominent induction of cAPXs compared with cSODs, and hydrogen peroxide t...     

活性氧的信号传导途径

介绍活性氧（ROS）的产生,阐述ROS信号转导的主要机制及途径。     

柑橘黄酮体外清除活性氧自由基作用的研究

[目的]研究柑橘黄酮体外清除活性氧自由基的作用。[方法]加入柑橘黄酮后,测定邻苯三酚自氧化速率,研究柑橘黄酮体外清除活性氧自由基的作用,并与维生素C、75%乙醇的作用进行比较。[结果]0.1ml1mg/ml维生素C与0.1ml1mg/ml柑橘黄酮对45mmol/L邻苯三酚自氧化的平均抑制率分别达到50.98%±13.9%、27.78%±2.58%,二者间有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。0.1ml75%乙醇对45mmol/L邻苯三酚自氧化的平均抑制率达到10.89%±1.84%,与0.1ml1mg/ml柑橘黄酮和0.1ml1mg/ml维生素C相比,有极显著差异（P〈0.01）。[结论]柑橘黄酮具有显著地清除体外活性氧自由基的作用。     

不同密度及果穗数对日光温室番茄干物质生产与分配的影响

[目的]为科学安排日光温室生产茬次、高效栽培番茄及合理密植提供理论依据.[方法]采用单干整枝方式研究不同密度及果穗数对温室冬春茬栽培番茄干物质生产与分配的影响.[结果]温室番茄定植密度对干物质生产的影响较大,保留果穗数间接影响干物质的分配.摘心前期,不同密度间单位面积群体植株总干重存在差异显著性变化,处理4 000株/667 m2单位面积群体干物质生产最多,主要分配于茎叶供给营养生长.在适宜保留果穗数下,干物质生产影响植株上的坐果穗数,从而间接影响植株内干物质分配,不同密度及适宜留果穗数下干物质生产与营养器官和生殖器官的分配比例有关.[结论]在密度为4000株/667 m2(3穗果)时,既能实现营养生长期茎叶干物质的最大生产又能实现生殖生长果实最大分配累积,前期产量最高达4 310.7 kg/667 m2.     

Zn2+对高盐和紫外线胁迫条件下水稻根尖细胞程序性死亡的影响

前期研究表明:500mmol.L-1NaCl处理能诱导水稻武运粳8号根尖细胞发生细胞程序性死亡(programmed celldeath,PCD)。为了研究Zn2+对盐胁迫诱导的水稻根尖细胞PCD的影响,采用不同浓度Zn2+进行试验,结果表明:10μmol.L-1Zn2+能够在一定程度上缓解PCD现象。对这一过程中抗氧化酶(CAT、APX、POD和SOD)活性进行检测,发现抗氧化酶活性短期迅速升高,随后降低,10μmol.L-1Zn2+试验组的抗氧化酶活性高于对照组与单独NaCl处理组。而对H2O2在根尖细胞积累的观测结果显示Zn2+的添加能减少H2O2的积累,证明低水平Zn2+(10μmol.L-1)能够诱导抗氧化酶活性上升,并抑制活性氧产生。Zn2+同样可以缓解紫外线诱导的水稻根尖细胞原生质体PCD,而添加特异性的锌离子螯合剂TPEN(NNN′,N′-tetrakis-(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine)则会促进PCD的发生。据此推测:一定水平Zn2+对不同胁迫模式下发生的PCD进程的缓解作用具有普遍性。     

Effect of dissolved oxygen levels on growth performance,energy budget and antioxidant responses of yellow catfish,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson)

This study was conducted to determine the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels on growth performance, energy budget and antioxidant responses of yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Yellow catfish was exposed to four levels of DO, consisting of hypoxia (2.28 mg L^?1), moderate hypoxia (4.04 mg L^?1), saturation (6.51 mg L^?1) and super‐saturation groups (9.11 mg L^?1), respectively, for 8 weeks. Specific growth rate and feed efficiency in dry matter were lowest in hypoxia and highest in the saturation and super‐saturation groups. Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter and energy increased with increasing DO levels. Gross energy and growth energy were lowest for hypoxia, followed by moderate hypoxia and the highest for other two groups. Faecal energy was highest in hypoxia and lowest in saturation and super‐saturation group. DO levels also significantly influenced activities of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde level in liver and serum. Based on the observation described previously, saturated DO level helps to improve growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant responses in yellow catfish. Super‐saturation did not increase fish performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study involved in the effect of DO levels on energy budget of fish and provides new insight into aeration regime for yellow catfish culture.     

Effects of temperature on feed intake,growth and oxygen consumption in adult male king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus held in captivity and fed manufactured diets

The current study investigates whether it is possible to increase the meat content of captive male king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) (average = 2.2 kg) by feeding manufactured diets at different temperatures (4°C, 8°C and 12°C). A 110 days trial was undertaken with groups of male king crabs held in 12 land‐based holding tanks. All crabs survival in the lowest temperature treatment, one animal died in the medium‐temperature group (8°C) and four animals in the highest temperature treatment (12°C). The results showed that feed intake increased with increasing temperature from an average of 1.0 g kg^?1 day^?1 at 4°C to 2.8 g kg^?1 day^?1 crab at 12°C. The percentage meat content was significantly higher at the final census (60.0%) compared with the initial census (37.5%) in all temperature groups, but there were no significant differences in the percentage meat content of the king crabs held in the different temperature treatments at the conclusion of the experiment. Oxygen consumption was also significantly affected by temperature and increased with increasing temperature. The results of the experiment show that the optimal temperature to maintain, and enhance, the meat content of king crab is close to 4°C.     

紫花苜蓿种子萌发对钴胁迫的生理生化响应

以“甘农3号”紫花苜蓿为试验材料,研究不同浓度Co²⁺(0,0.25,0.50,1.00,2.50,5.00 mmol/L CoCl₂)胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:Co胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子的萌发及幼苗的生长有明显的抑制作用,随着Co胁迫浓度的增大,种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数及幼苗的胚芽长、胚根长、根系活力和干重均显著降低,而且Co胁迫对发芽势的抑制作用大于发芽率,对胚根生长的抑制作用大于胚芽;低浓度Co胁迫(0.25和0.50 mmol/L)下,苜蓿幼苗叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和蛋白水解酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、愈创木酚过氧化物酶(GPX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性与CK均无显著差异,而游离脯氨酸含量显著升高;随着Co胁迫浓度的升高,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量及蛋白水解酶、SOD、APX、GPX、CAT活性均显著下降,超氧阴离子自由基(O2·-)产生速率、羟自由基(OH^·)浓度、H₂O₂及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著增加。说明高浓度Co胁迫使得苜蓿幼苗抗氧化系统活性下降,活性氧清除能力降低,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,从而抑制了紫花苜蓿种子的萌发及幼苗的生长。