苹果叶片高光谱特性与叶绿素含量和SPAD值的关系

以礼富一号和嘎啦苹果为材料,分别测量了叶片的光谱反射率、SPAD值和叶绿素含量,分析了叶片的SPAD值和叶绿素含量与微分光谱之间的相关性。结果表明,苹果叶片的叶绿素含量与SPAD值呈线性相关,品种间的SPAD值和光谱反射率都存在差异。苹果叶片叶绿素含量的敏感波段位于694 nm。基于敏感波段的微分数值,建立了一阶微分光谱值与苹果叶片SPAD值和叶绿素含量的回归模型,确定系数分别达到0.781 8和0.589 9,为利用高光谱遥感技术反映苹果生长状况的叶绿素信息提供了依据。     

Chemical constituents investigation of Daphne tangutica

A phytochemical study of an ethanol-soluble extract from the root barks of Daphne tangutica Maxim., a traditional Tibetan herb medicine, led to the isolation of 30 compounds, including eight daphnane diterpenes, nine coumarines, six lignans, five phenylpropanoid derivatives, β-sitosterol and p-hydroxy benzonate. Two compounds out of these isolates are new daphne diterpene analogs, and their structures were established as 1,2α-dihydro-5β-hydroxy-6α,7α-epoxy-resiniferonol-14-benzonate, and 1,2β-dihydro-5β-hydroxy-6α,7α-epoxy-resiniferonol-14-benzonate, respectively, on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Additionally, this is the first time that 13 known compounds have been isolated and identified from this traditional Tibetan medicinal plant.     

Characterization of a cinnamoyl derivative from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets

A new intact glucosinolate Cinnamoyl derivative [6'-O-trans-(4″- hydroxy cinnamoyl)-4-(methylsulphinyl) butyl glucosinolate] (A) has been isolated from Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) florets. The compound was isolated and characterized by LC, MS-ESI, FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR as well as ¹H-¹H COSY, DEPT 135° spectrometric experiments.     

基于曲线拟合的6种豆的傅里叶变化红外光谱研究

为能够快速的鉴别不同品种的豆,为豆类蛋白、豆类蛋白酶的提取等问题的研究提供研究依据,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术结合聚类分析和曲线拟合测试研究6种豆（黄豆、黑豆、蚕豆、红豆、绿豆和红小豆）54个样品的光谱。结果显示,6种豆的红外图谱相似,但在1800~1000 cm^-1范围内红外光谱的峰位、峰形及吸收强度有明显的差异。选取1800~1000 cm^-1范围的光谱图进行二阶导数处理,利用SPSS软件进行聚类分析,聚类分析正确率为100%。利用Origin 8.5软件对1700~1600 cm^-1范围的原始光谱进行曲线拟合处理,6种豆在酰胺Ⅰ带的吸收峰都由9个子峰叠加而成;其中6种豆的蛋白质二级结构中α-螺旋含量、β-转角含量、无规则卷曲结构含量和β-折叠含量不同。结果表明6种豆的蛋白质的二级结构是不同的,傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)结合曲线拟合可以快速简捷地区分不同品种豆类,并能提供豆类所含蛋白质的二级结构的信息。     

壳寡糖季铵盐衍生物纳米银的合成及其诱导烟株抗烟草花叶病毒活性

为开发符合高效、低毒且环境友好的新型烟草花叶病毒(TMV)抑制剂,以具有季铵盐结构的新型壳寡糖季铵盐衍生物为还原剂和稳定剂,合成了壳寡糖季铵盐衍生物纳米银溶液,并研究了不同浓度该纳米银溶液诱导烟株产生抗TMV的活性。结果表明:所合成的壳寡糖季铵盐衍生物纳米银溶液在透射电镜(TEM)下显示分布较均匀,粒径主要集中在7~12 nm。在珊西烟上以25μg/m L的壳寡糖季铵盐衍生物纳米银溶液对枯斑的抑制效果最好,抑制率为74.0%,比50μg/m L壳寡糖溶液和2%宁南霉素水剂分别高41.5%和24.4%;对于普通烟K326,壳寡糖季铵盐衍生物纳米银溶液可缓解被病毒侵染的烟草叶绿素含量的下降幅度,提高叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(PPO)的活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量,提高可溶性蛋白含量。表明壳寡糖季铵盐纳米银溶液可提高烟株对TMV的抗病性。     

嘌呤氧基苯氧丙酸酯的合成及除草活性

以4,6-二氯-5-硝基嘧啶为起始原料,经过还原胺化、取代、醚化等一系列反应,得到11个未见文献报道的嘌呤氧基苯氧丙酸酯类化合物1a~1k,其结构经1H NM R和M S确认。初步生物活性测定表明:在200 mg/L下,所有目标化合物均表现出一定的除草活性,其中化合物1f((R)-2-(4-((9-(4-氯苯)-8-(三氟甲基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)氧)苯氧)丙酸丁酯)和1h((R)-2-(4-((9-(4-氯苯)-8-(三氟甲基-9H-嘌呤-6-基)氧)苯氧)丙酸乙酯)对靶标的抑制率几乎都达到100%。     

Distribution and Selective Effects of Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, and Vrn-D1 Genes in Derivative Varieties from Four Cornerstone Breeding Parents of Wheat in China

Vernalization, the process of a long exposure to low temperature to induce flowering in plants, is essential for plants to adapt to cold winters. The presence of vernalization genes Vrn-A1, -B1, and -D1 in four cornerstone breeding parents of wheat in China （Funo, Mentana, Yanda 1817, and Bima 4） and 322 derivative varieties （mostly winter wheat） from these parents were determined using PCR based molecular method. The frequencies of the VRN-1 genes in these derivative varieties were in order of Vrn-Dl（67.1%）〉 Vrn-Bl（19.6%）〉 Vrn-Al（5.3%）, which are similar as the former conclusion that Vrn-D1 is associated with the latest heading time, Vrn-A1 the earliest, and Vrn-B1 intermediate values. The frequencies of Vrn-Al and Vrn-B1 loci in the derivative varieties from winter wheat zones were higher than that from spring winter zones. Based on the wheat breeding history in China and the fact of non-random distribution of Vrn-A1 and Vrn-B1 in the derivative varieties from the four parents, there could be a strong selective effect on VRN-1 genes in different regions where the derivative varieties were cultivated.     

Chemical and antimicrobial studies of monoterpene: Citral

6,7-Citral-epoxy derivative (a mixture of E and Z isomers with respect to the C2 = C3 double bond) could be react with DNA base producing a major adduct. The mixture of epoxides was condensed with 2 mol of cytosine to give the adduct through condensation between aldehyde and amino groups. Antifungal and antibacterial studies were carried out on citral and citral-epoxide. Studies on the antifungal especially Penicilliumitalicum and Rhizopus stolonifer showed that citral and citral-epoxide have good antibacterial action. Antimicrobial studies of P.italicum and R. stolonifer explained also that citral and citral-epoxide have good antimicrobial activity. Citral epoxide shows high activity against the growth of bacteria methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fungi comparing by citral. The epoxide shows antibacterial activity more than the antibiotics nalidixic acid (NA) and ampicillin (AP) and nitrofurantoin (NI). The results revealed that these complexes are most effective against MRSA.     

新型砜类化合物对辣椒枯萎病菌的抑菌作用初探

离体条件下采用生长速率法测得2-(苄基砜)-5-(2,4-二氯)苯基-1,3,4- NFDA1 二唑( 2008334 )对辣椒枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用,其EC50值为27.54 μ g/mL,与对照药剂 NFDA1 霉灵(EC50值为29.13 μ g/mL)相当;同时该化合物对辣椒枯萎病菌孢子萌发亦有一定的抑制作用,EC50值为41.37 μ g/mL。以质量浓度为100 μ g/mL的 2008334 处理辣椒枯萎病菌菌丝,在短时间内菌丝细胞膜通透性显著增强,菌体内还原糖及可溶性蛋白含量均出现先升高后下降的趋势。     

水稻籼粳交衍生系产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势

采用包括基因型与环境互作效应的加性—显性遗传模型(AD模型),对不同环境下水稻籼粳交衍生系产量相关性状的遗传效应与杂种优势进行研究。结果表明,播抽天数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重性状以基因的加性主效应为主;结实率和株高性状以基因的显性主效应为主;基因型×环境互作效应明显影响产量相关性状表现,以显性×环境互作为主,其中播抽天数、单株谷重、千粒重和穗长的显性×环境互作效应尤为明显。杂种优势研究表明,由遗传主效应控制的杂种优势除单株有效穗数外,其余8个性状均表现正向群体平均优势;基因型×环境互作杂种优势分析表明,单株谷重、单株有效穗数、每穗实粒数、千粒重、株高和穗长6个性状杂种优势的稳定性较好。遗传效应分析结果表明,明恢413、97gk1037、明恢118和明恢417在多个性状上表现以遗传主效应为主,环境互作效应较弱,具有较好的环境稳定性,表明该4个籼粳交衍生品系在籼粳杂种优势利用中具有较高的利用价值。