甘草多糖提取工艺的研究及其对小鼠免疫口蹄疫疫苗后细胞免疫的影响

以优化甘草多糖的提取工艺及开发其有效成分的药用价值为研究目的。本研究采用水提醇沉、膜提取法2种工艺提取甘草中有效成分甘草多糖(GPS)并测定其含量,以筛选最佳的提取工艺。研究不同工艺条件下提取的甘草多糖对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响、以及口服用于猪O型口蹄疫疫苗免疫后的小鼠,检测血中IL-2、IL-6含量,观察甘草多糖(GPS)对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示膜提取法对甘草多糖提取效果最好(P0.05);在静止态淋巴细胞增殖试验中,所表现出的促增殖作用强于甘草多糖其他各组(P0.05);GPS-2组也能升高口蹄疫疫苗免疫后小鼠血液中IL-2、IL-6含量(P0.05)。     

洋葱粗多糖脱蛋白质方法比较

为探究洋葱多糖脱蛋白质的最优方法,以蛋白质脱除率、多糖损失率以及脱蛋白质处理后多糖的还原力和对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除能力为指标,比较了Sevag法、乙酸铅法、盐酸法、三氯乙酸法对洋葱粗多糖的脱蛋白质效果。结果表明:Sevag法脱蛋白质处理4次,洋葱粗多糖的蛋白质脱除率为79.44%,多糖损失率为22.30%,脱蛋白质处理后的洋葱多糖清除·OH的IC50值为16.00μg/m L,同时也表现出较强的还原力,对洋葱粗多糖的脱蛋白质效果最好,其次是乙酸铅法和盐酸法,三氯乙酸法最差。     

含银耳多糖猕猴桃功能饮料的抗辐射性能研究

【目的】研究含银耳多糖的猕猴桃饮料的抗辐射损伤性能,为猕猴桃功能饮料的开发提供参考。【方法】将150只昆明种小鼠随机分为3批,每批50只,再随机分为空白对照组、辐射对照组、低剂量饮料试验组(20.00mL/kg)、中剂量饮料试验组(40.00mL/kg)、高剂量饮料试验组(80.00mL/kg),每组10只,对各饮料试验组小鼠用含银耳多糖的猕猴桃功能饮料灌胃15d后,用60 Coγ对各组小鼠进行一次性全身照射,观察不同剂量含银耳多糖的猕猴桃功能饮料对小鼠外周血白细胞总数、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、血清溶血素值的影响效应。【结果】辐照后14d,辐射对照组、中剂量饮料试验组、高剂量饮料试验组小鼠外周血白细胞计数分别为(5.04±1.39)×109、(9.20±1.93)×109和(11.02±1.08)×109/L,表明与辐射对照组相比,辐照后的中、高剂量饮料试验组小鼠外周血白细胞总数有显著增加(P0.05);辐照后14d,辐射对照组、中剂量饮料试验组、高剂量饮料试验组小鼠肝脏SOD活性分别为(1 064.52±47.51)、(1 188.56±60.04)和(1 309.54±51.54)U/mg,表明与辐射对照组相比,辐照后的中、高剂量饮料试验组小鼠肝脏SOD活性显著增强(P0.05);辐照后18d,辐射对照组及中、高剂量饮料试验组小鼠血清溶血素值分别为61.40±13.49,89.67±17.95和106.28±13.56,表明与辐射对照组相比,辐照后的中、高剂量饮料试验组小鼠血清溶血素值显著增强(P0.05)。【结论】饮用40.00和80.00mL/kg剂量含银耳多糖的猕猴桃饮料对遭受辐射危害的机体具有辅助保护作用。     

茶多糖的组分及理化性质

粗老茶中含有较高能治疗糖尿病的茶多糖成分。用紫外、红外和气相色谱等方法对茶多糖分析结果表明，它是由糖类、蛋白质、果胶和灰分等物质组成；其多糖部分为阿拉伯糖、木糖、岩藻糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖等，各单糖的组成比例为５．５２：２．２１：６．０８：４４．２０：４１．９９。多糖的分子量约１０７０００。茶多糖的热稳定性较差，高温或过酸和偏碱均会使其中的多糖部分降解。它在沸水中溶解性能较好，但不溶于高浓度的有机溶剂。文中还对粗老茶中的降血糖成分、茶多糖组分和分子量上的差异原因，以及茶多糖中灰分含量高的原因进行了讨论。     

改良CTAB法用于提取红麻成熟叶片高质量DNA的研究

红麻处于光合高峰期的成熟叶片中的次生物质含量很高,给DNA的提取造成很大的困难.CTAB法能有效去除多糖杂质,但普通CTAB法用于红麻的DNA提取效果很不理想,为使CTAB法能更好地用于红麻的DNA提取,我们对此方法进行了改进,通过前处理除去大部分的杂质,减小了后续操作的难度.为了验证前处理是否会损失DNA,研究了液氮研磨对材料细胞的破碎程度问题,还讨论了DNA提取中的其它一些相关问题.     

Antiviral activities of sulfated polysaccharides isolated from Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Rhodophytha, Gigartinales) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Rhodophyta, Ceramiales)

Water-soluble sulfated polysaccharides isolated from two red algae Sphaerococcus coronopifolius (Gigartinales, Sphaerococcaceae) and Boergeseniella thuyoides (Ceramiales, Rhodomelaceae) collected on the coast of Morocco inhibited in vitro replication of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at 12.5 μg/mL. In addition, polysaccharides were capable of inhibiting the in vitro replication of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) on Vero cells values of EC₅₀ of 4.1 and 17.2 μg/mL, respectively. The adsorption step of HSV-1 to the host cell seems to be the specific target for polysaccharide action. While for HIV-1, these results suggest a direct inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication by controlling the appearance of the new generations of virus and potential virucidal effect. The polysaccharides from S. coronopifolius (PSC) and B. thuyoides (PBT) were composed of galactose, 3,6-anhydrogalactose, uronics acids, sulfate in ratios of 33.1, 11.0, 7.7 and 24.0% (w/w) and 25.4, 16.0, 3.2, 7.6% (w/w), respectively.     

Sulfated-polysaccharide fraction from red algae Gracilaria caudata protects mice gut against ethanol-induced damage

The aim of the present study was to investigate the gastroprotective activity of a sulfated-polysaccharide (PLS) fraction extracted from the marine red algae Gracilaria caudata and the mechanism underlying the gastroprotective activity. Male Swiss mice were treated with PLS (3, 10, 30 and 90 mg·kg(-1), p.o.), and after 30 min, they were administered 50% ethanol (0.5 mL/25 g(-1), p.o.). One hour later, gastric damage was measured using a planimeter. Samples of the stomach tissue were also obtained for histopathological assessment and for assays of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Other groups were pretreated with l-NAME (10 mg·kg(-1), i.p.), dl-propargylglycine (PAG, 50 mg·kg(-1), p.o.) or glibenclamide (5 mg·kg(-1), i.p.). After 1 h, PLS (30 mg·kg(-1), p.o.) was administered. After 30 min, ethanol 50% was administered (0.5 mL/25 g(-1), p.o.), followed by sacrifice after 60 min. PLS prevented-ethanol-induced macroscopic and microscopic gastric injury in a dose-dependent manner. However, treatment with l-NAME or glibenclamide reversed this gastroprotective effect. Administration of propargylglycine did not influence the effect of PLS. Our results suggest that PLS has a protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric damage in mice via activation of the NO/K(ATP) pathway.     

海水连续4年灌溉对库拉索芦荟生长、糖和芦荟甙含量的效应研究

研究不同比例海淡混合水4年灌溉对库拉索芦荟全叶鲜重、叶片含水量和叶片中可溶性糖、多糖和芦荟甙含量的影响。结果表明:10%、25%海水灌溉下,芦荟的全叶鲜重与对照(淡水)差异不显著,50%、75%和100%海水灌溉下的全叶鲜重显著下降,分别较对照降低11%、28%和46%。10%、25%、50%、75%海水灌溉下,芦荟的全叶干重与对照(淡水)差异不显著,100%海水灌溉下的全叶干重显著下降,较对照降低14%。CK、10%、25%、50%海水处理的地上部含水量之间差异不显著,75%、100%海水处理下,其地上部含水量显著下降。在地上部不同叶位的叶片中,老叶随着海水胁迫强度的增加,其含水量下降幅度较大,而幼叶和中部叶含水量下降幅度较小。海水灌溉处理下叶片可溶性糖含量显著高于淡水灌溉处理,在海水灌溉各处理间,随海水比例增大,芦荟叶片中可溶性糖含量呈逐渐显著增加趋势,经过4年比例海淡混合水连续灌溉,芦荟叶片中多糖含量与淡水灌溉处理没有显著差异,但芦荟甙含量随海水灌溉强度的增加而增加,75%海水处理达最大值。不同比例海淡混合水灌溉芦荟的试验是可行的,可以节约淡水,并在一定的海水稀释配比下(75%海水)可以提高芦荟的主要药用功效成份芦荟甙的含量。     

Potential Anti-HPV and Related Cancer Agents from Marine Resources: An Overview

Recently, the studies on the prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV) which is closely related to the cervical cancer and other genital diseases are attracting more and more attention all over the world. Marine-derived polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds have been shown to possess a variety of anti-HPV and related cancer activities. This paper will review the recent progress in research on the potential anti-HPV and related cancer agents from marine resources. In particular, it will provide an update on the anti-HPV actions of heparinoid polysaccharides and bioactive compounds present in marine organisms, as well as the therapeutic vaccines relating to marine organisms. In addition, the possible mechanisms of anti-HPV actions of marine bioactive compounds and their potential for therapeutic application will also be summarized in detail.